Simultaneous determination of nifedipine and atenolol in combined dosage forms using a boron-doped diamond electrode with differential pulse voltammetry

Abstract

Combinations of nifedipine (NIF) and atenolol (ATN) are used for the treatment of arterial hypertension. Dosages values different from those presented on the label of pharmaceuticals can significantly impact a consumer’s health. To control the quality of the pharmaceuticals effectively, a method for the simultaneous determination of these both drugs using an anodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode coupled to differential pulse voltammetry technique was developed. The influence of supporting electrolyte, pH and scan rate on the current response of these both antihypertensives was examined to select the optimum experimental conditions. It was found that NIF and ATN provided two well-shaped and reproducible oxidation peaks at 0.97 V and 1.36 V (vs. Ag/AgCl electrode), respectively, in TRIS buffer solution (pH 8.0). At optimized differential pulse voltammetric parameters, the current response of NIF and ATN was proportionally linear in the concentration range of 3.98–107 μmol L–1 and 1.99–47.2 μmol L–1, with detection limit of 0.612 and 0.999 μmol L−1, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied in analysis of several commercial combined dosage forms, whose accuracy was attested by good agreement of the results (paired t test at a 95% confidence level) with those obtained using high performance liquid chromatography.

Determination of Atenolol and Trimetazidine in Pharmaceutical Tablets and Human Urine Using a High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photo Diode Array Detection Method

“…Different analytical methods have been applied for the determination of atenolol in biological fluids and pharmaceutical products such as HPLC [3, 11], LC-MS [5, 6], GC-MS [12], TLC [13], spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods [14–16], titrimetry [17], voltammetry [18], chemiluminescence [19], and capillary electrophoresis [20]. Several clean-up methods such as liquid-liquid extraction [3, 11, 12], solid phase extraction [21], and protein precipitation [22] have been used for extracting ATN from biological fluid samples.…”

Boron doped diamond electrode in analytical chemistry: methods of electrode surface activation (а short review)

“…Для АДБЕ також характерні, зазвичай, слабка адсорбція для більшості органічних молекул, низький фоновий струм, низька ємність ПЕШ [21][22][23]. Усе це своєю чергою свідчить про високу чутливість електрода, тобто про інтенсивніший аналітичний сигнал.…”

Next-Generation Diamond Electrodes for Neurochemical Sensing: Challenges and Opportunities

“…With this in mind, an optimum boron doping concentration and sp 3 /sp 2 ratio can be selected for any particular electroanalytical sensing application, taking into consideration the specific sensitivity, potential window, and material stability requirements. For example, in small molecule sensing where high sensitivities are required, a boron concentration of ~8000 ppm is commonly used [ 209 , 210 , 211 , 212 , 213 , 214 , 215 , 216 , 217 , 218 , 219 , 220 , 221 , 222 , 223 , 224 ]. This mid- to high-doping concentration yields a material with high conductivity and moderate sp 2 impurities compared to heavily doped BDD [ 112 ].…”