Simultaneous determination of midazolam and flumazenil concentrations in human plasma by gas chromatography

Rapid analysis of benzodiazepines in whole blood by high-performance liquid chromatography: use of a monolithic column

“…Amongst them are gas chromatography (GC) using electron capture detection (GC/ECD) [5], nitrogen-phosphorus detection (GC/NPD) [6,7], and more frequently, mass spectrometry detection (GC/MS) [8][9][10][11][12]. Nevertheless, GC needs a derivatization step [10] to increase the volatility of BZD on account of their thermolability.…”

Determination of midazolam in human plasma by solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

“…Several chromatographic methods (HPLC with UV,5–15 MS16,, 17 or MS/MS18 detection, GC,5,, 7,, 19–23 GC/MS,5–7,, 24,, 25 CZE/MS/MS18) have been reported for the analysis of midazolam and some of its metabolites in blood, plasma, serum, urine, bile, vitreous humor and tissues. These methods involve liquid‐liquid or solid‐phase extraction procedures that are time‐consuming and complex, and require numerous chemicals and organic solvents.…”

Development and validation of a rapid and sensitive assay for simultaneous quantification of midazolam, 1′-hydroxymidazolam, and 4-hydroxymidazolam by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass-spectrometry

“…GC and GC/MS methods involve time consuming extraction and derivatization steps before chromatographic analysis with the LLOQ greater than 2 ng/mL [16][17][18][19][20]. In addition, the current method is more sensitive than a recently published LC-MS/MS method, which had a lower limit of quantitation of 1-2 ng/mL, comparable to those of HPLC-UV or GC-MS/MS techniques [34] with LLOQ of 1.5 ng/mL [24] and 6.5 ng/mL [25].…”

“…It is therefore one of the most frequently used probes for P450 3A characterization [3]. To date, several chromatographic methods for quantitation of midazolam and its principal metabolite(s) have been published including (i) HPLC-UV methods [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], (ii) GC methods with electron capture detection [16][17][18][19][20], GC/MS methods [21,22] and (iii) LC-MS/MS methods [23][24][25][26][27].…”