Simultaneous determination of masked forms of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone after oral dosing in rats by LC-MS/MS

Veršilovskis, Aleksandrs; Geys, Jorina; Huybrechts, Bart; Goossens, Ellen; Saeger, Sarah De; Callebaut, Alfons

doi:10.3920/wmj2012.1411

Cited by 52 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This study implies that substantial amounts of the glucoside are hydrolysed and subsequently absorbed, thus contributing to the overall exposure to this mycotoxin. This observation was supported by a recent paper by Veršilovskis et al (2012), who exposed rats by oral gavage to a mixture of the ZEN14Glc, DON3Glc and fully 13 C-labelled ZEN and DON (each at a dose of 25 µg). Rats were killed after 55 minutes and various tissues and parts of the GI tract (tissue plus content) were analysed.…”

Section: Bioavailability Of Modified Mycotoxinssupporting

confidence: 60%

Scientific Opinion on the risks for human and animal health related to the presence of modified forms of certain mycotoxins in food and feed

Publication¹

2014

EFS2

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Following a request from the European Commission, the risks to human and animal health related to modified forms of the Fusarium toxins zearalenone, nivalenol, T‐2 and HT‐2 toxins and fumonisins were evaluated. Modified (often called “masked”) mycotoxins are metabolites of the parent mycotoxin formed in the plant or fungus, e.g. by conjugation with polar compounds. Fumonisins, which are difficult to extract from the plant matrix, are also termed modified mycotoxins. The CONTAM Panel considered it appropriate to assess human exposure to modified forms of the various toxins in addition to the parent compounds, because many modified forms are hydrolysed into the parent compounds or released from the matrix during digestion. For modified forms of zearalenone, nivalenol, T‐2 and HT‐2 toxins and fumonisins, 100 %, 30 %, 10 % and 60 % were added, respectively based on reports on the relative contribution of modified forms. The same factors were used for animal exposure from feed. In the absence of specific toxicity data, toxicity equal to the parent compounds was assumed for modified mycotoxins. Risk characterization was done by comparing exposure scenarios with reference doses of the parent compounds. In humans, all lower bound (LB) and upper bound (UB) mean and 95th percentile exposures to the sum of modified and parent toxins were below the respective provisional maximum tolerable daily intakes (PMTDIs) and tolerable daily intakes (TDIs), with two exceptions: for zearalenone and modified zearalenone the UB 95th percentile exposure was up to 2.2‐fold the TDI. For fumonisins and modified fumonisins the exposure of toddlers and other children exceeded the PMTDI at both the LB and the UB estimates, which could be of concern. For farm animal species and pets the exposure to the sum of modified and parent toxins was in general not of concern. The risk in fish could not be addressed. The CONTAM Panel identified several uncertainties and data gaps for modified mycotoxins.

show abstract

Section: Bioavailability Of Modified Mycotoxinssupporting

confidence: 60%

Scientific Opinion on the risks for human and animal health related to the presence of modified forms of certain mycotoxins in food and feed

Publication¹

2014

EFS2

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Within the BIOMYCO project following biomarkers were analysed: AFB 1 , AFM 1 , aflatoxin B 2 (AFB 2 ), aflatoxin G 1 (AFG 1 ), aflatoxin G 2 (AFG 2 ), CIT, dihydrocitrinone (HO-CIT), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), DON, deoxynivalenol-3-glucuronide (DON3GlcA), deoxynivalenol-15-glucuronide (DON15GlcA), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol-15-glucuronide (3ADON15GlcA), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol-3-glucuronide (15ADON3GlcA), DOM-1, deepoxy-deoxynivalenol-glucuronide (DOMGlcA), FB 1 , fumonisin B 2 (FB 2 ), fumonisin B 3 (FB 3 ), fusarenon X (FusX), HT-2, OTA, OTα, T-2, ZEN, zearalenone-14-glucuronide (ZEN14GlcA), α-ZEL, α-zearalenol-7-glucuronide (α-ZEL7GlcA), α-zearalenol-14-glucuronide (α-ZEL14GlcA), β-ZEL and β-zearalenol-14-glucuronide (β-ZEL14GlcA). The glucuronides of the acetyl-DON's, DOM-1, ZEN, α-and β-ZEL were tentatively identified (Versilovskis et al, 2012).…”

Section: Lc-ms/ms Methods Using Filter and Shootmentioning

confidence: 98%

Human biomonitoring of multiple mycotoxins in the Belgian population: Results of the BIOMYCO study

Heyndrickx

Sioen

Huybrechts

et al. 2015

Environment International

184

169

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mycotoxins are important food contaminants responsible for health effects such as cancer, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity or immunosuppression. The assessment of mycotoxin exposure is often based on calculations combining mycotoxin occurrence data in food with population data on food consumption. Because of limitations inherent to that approach, the direct measurement of biomarkers of exposure in biological fluids has been proposed as a suitable alternative to perform an accurate mycotoxin exposure assessment at individual level. For this reason, the BIOMYCO study was designed to assess mycotoxin exposure in Belgian adults and children using urinary biomarkers of exposure. Morning urine was gathered in a representative part of the Belgian population according to a standardised study protocol, whereby 155 children (3-12 years old) and 239 adults (19-65 years old) were selected based on random cluster sampling. These urine samples were analysed for the presence of 33 potential biomarkers with focus on aflatoxins, citrinin (CIT), fumonisins, trichothecenes, ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone and their metabolites using two validated LC-MS/MS methods. Nine out of the 33 analysed mycotoxins were detected whereby deoxynivalenol (DON), OTA, CIT and their metabolites were the most frequently detected. Deoxynivalenol-15-glucuronide was the main urinary DON biomarker and was found in all urine samples in the ng/mL range. Furthermore deoxynivalenol-3-glucuronide was quantified in 91% of the urine samples collected from children and in 77% of the samples collected from adults. Deoxynivalenol was detected in 70% and 37% of the samples of children and adults respectively. For the first time deepoxy-deoxynivalenol-glucuronide was detected in children's urine (17%). In the samples collected by adults, the prevalence was 22%. Whereas all these mycotoxins contaminated the urine samples in the ng/mL range, CIT and OTA were present in much lower concentrations (pg/mL). OTA contaminated 51% and 35% of the samples collected by children and adults respectively. CIT and its metabolite were present in 72% and 6% of children's urine, whereas they contaminated 59% and 12% of adult's urine. Finally, α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol-14-glucuronide were found in respectively one and two samples from adults. The exposure to DON, OTA and CIT was compared between subgroups and urinary mycotoxin concentrations differed significantly among age and gender. Based on the urinary levels, the daily intake of DON and OTA was estimated and evaluated whereby, depending on the used method, 16-69% of the population possibly exceeded the tolerable daily intake for DON and 1% for OTA. The BIOMYCO study is the first study whereby a multi-toxin approach was applied for mycotoxin exposure assessment in adults and children on a large-scale. Moreover, it is the first study that described the exposure to an elaborated set of mycotoxins in the Belgian population. Biomarker analysis showed a clear exposure of a broad segment of the Belgian population to DON, OTA and CIT. Th...

show abstract

“…One hour post administration of 3ADON and 15ADON, 12% of the dose could be detected in the stomach as free DON, indicating a likely hydrolysis of ADONs in the stomach. It was also observed that both ADONs can be glucuronidated in the stomach (5% of the administered dose) without prior deacetylation (Versilovskis et al, 2012). Eriksen et al investigated the ADME profile of 3ADON in pigs.…”

Section: Adonsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…To estimate these factors and especially the interactions between them, species-specific in vivo trials remain mandatory. The first DON3G in vivo study was published by Versilovskis et al in 2012. Two rats were fed 25 μg of DON3G by oral gavage followed by blood collection at 17 and 55 min postadministration.…”

Section: Don3gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Fusarium mycotoxins unmasked: From occurrence in cereals to animal and human excretion

Broekaert

Devreese

Baere

et al. 2015

Food and Chemical Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Simultaneous determination of masked forms of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone after oral dosing in rats by LC-MS/MS

Cited by 52 publications

References 27 publications

Scientific Opinion on the risks for human and animal health related to the presence of modified forms of certain mycotoxins in food and feed

Scientific Opinion on the risks for human and animal health related to the presence of modified forms of certain mycotoxins in food and feed

Human biomonitoring of multiple mycotoxins in the Belgian population: Results of the BIOMYCO study

Modified Fusarium mycotoxins unmasked: From occurrence in cereals to animal and human excretion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About