Simultaneous determination of furathiocarb and metabolites in biological tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography and post-column derivatization

Abstract

Key WordsColumn liquid chromatography Post-col u m n derivatization Dermal pharmacokinetics Furathiocarb, carbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran and 3-ketocarbofuran SummaryA new method to determine simultaneously the amount of furathiocarb and metabohtes: carbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, and 3-ketocarbofuran in biological tissues such as liver and kidney is described. The method consists of extraction of samples with acetone, filtration, partition, purification of target analytes through a silica gel column and high-performance liquid chromatographic determination with post-column derivatization. Reasonable recoveries for routine analysis were obtained, and the limits of detection (LOD) with fluorescence detection were 0.2, 0.1, 0.1, and 0.2 mg L 1 for furathiocarb, carbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran and 3-ketocarbofuran respectively, with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The present method was successfully applied to the dermal pharmacokinetic study of furathiocarb in Sprague-Dawley rats. Carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran were observed in hver while only carbofuran was detected in kidney.uated in routine residue analysis of crops and meat since they are toxicologically significant [5].Several methods have been reported for the analysis of furathiocarb using gas chromatography (GC) with a nitrogenphosphorous detector (NPD) [3,6], gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [6,7], and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV [8] or fluorescence [9] for some of its metabolites. To the best of our knowledge, however, there are no related reports on the simultaneous analysis of furathiocarb and its metabolites in the important biological tissues such as liver and kidney, even though the dermal exposure to sprayers or post-application harvesters was reported in greenhouse cultivation of cucumber [10]. In this work, an analytical method using HPLC with post-column derivatization was developed to determine furathiocarb and its three metabolites simultaneously at ppb levels and was successfully

Dermal pharmacokinetics of the insecticide furathiocarb in rats

“…This implies that 3‐hydroxycarbofuran was excreted more rapidly in urine than carbofuran because of its high water solubility. This finding was in agreement with our earlier work with furathiocarb which showed that 3‐hydroxycarbofuran was not detected in kidney sample 24. 3‐Ketocarbofuran, another metabolite of furathiocarb, was not detected due to its hydrolytic instability, as observed in plasma 11…”

Metabolic profiling and in vitro-in vivo extrapolation of furathiocarb in mammalian hepatic microsomes

“…Carbofuran and 3-hydroxy-carbofuran were measured in liver, while only carbofuran was measured in kidney. Furathiocarb was not detected and only traces of 3-ketocarbofuran were detected at 12 h after treatment [28] .…”

“…Furathiocarb was metabolized only to the more toxic carbofuran in an in vitro dermal penetration study with rat abdominal skin using the static diffusion cell [26] . Carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran were detected in liver, while only carbofuran was detected in kidney after dermal treatment of Sprague-Dawley rats with furathiocarb [28] .…”

In vitro dermal penetration study of carbofuran, carbosulfan, and furathiocarb

“…The cleavage of the N-S bond gave carbofuran (Marsden et al 1982). Furathiocarb was found to be metabolized to carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran following dermal treatment (Liu et al 2001(Liu et al , 2002. However, virtually no information is available on the dermal penetration through rat skin, which could be an important factor for the human exposure risk assessment.…”