Simultaneous determination of fourteen steroid hormone residues in beef samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Determination of 26 endocrine disrupting chemicals in fish and water using modified QuEChERS combined with solid-phase extraction and UHPLC-MS/MS

“…In the case of analyzing various kinds of hormones, more than one SPE cartridge was usually needed for the enrichment and separation of compounds. 10,18 The use of various SPE cartridges makes the sample preparation process tedious and costly. Furthermore, multiple steps in the sample preparation may increase the loss of the compounds in tested samples and reduce the recovery and analysis accuracy, especially on trace residues analysis.…”

“…There are several methods reported in the literature for multi-residue detection of hormones by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) [13][14][15] and liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). [16][17][18] Generally, derivatization steps are frequently required in GC analysis to improve sensitivity by changing the chemical structure of analytes, which lead to higher ionisable molecules. 19 However, derivatization is time-consuming and complicated, which restricts the application of GC-MS to the simultaneous determination of several classes of steroids.…”

“…Compared with GC-MS, LC-MS/MS is supposed to have high sensitivity and specicity without additional derivatization. In the past decade, some LC-MS/MS methods were developed to determine the residues of hormones in pork, 16,18 beef, 10,16,20 milk 19,21 and water. 20,22 But few of the developed multi-residue methods were focused on the detection of hormones in aquatic organisms.…”

“…33 Most of the currently available analytical methods usually can simultaneously analyze dozens of EDCs, all of which belong to the same class or a few classes. 16,18,20 Moreover, in previously developed methods, most of the target compounds were limited to a few certain hormones illegally added, 34 whereas it is little known about detection of natural hormones with LC-MS/MS due to matrix complexity and low background levels (ng kg À1 to mg kg À1 ). It would be useful to monitor not only natural hormones and their metabolites, but also articial hormones simultaneously, since natural metabolic patterns may be disrupted by these EDCs.…”

Development of an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunochromatographic assay for hydrocortisone residues in milk

“…Various studies have reported different HDS detection methods, including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (El-Farhan et al, 2013;Magnisali, Dracopoulou, Mataragas, Dacou-Voutetakis, & Moutsatsou, 2008;Wood et al, 2008), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) (Hasegawa, Kubo, Shinozaki, Nowatari, & Ishii, 2010;Herrero, Borrull, Marce, & Pocurull, 2013;Zhao, Yue, Wu, & Lai, 2014), LC-tandem MS (LC-MS/ MS) (Nam, Kwon, Lee, & Lee, 2012;Shi, Chen, Chen, & Yu, 2015;Wu et al, 2010), high-performance LC (HPLC) (Ronowicz et al, 2014;Saracino et al, 2014;Szeitz, Manji, Riggs, Thamboo, & Javer, 2014), radioimmunoassay methods (Nigel & Cook, 1997), and enzyme immunoassay (Sarkar et al, 2007;Tintos, Miguez, Mancera, & Soengas, 2006;Yadav et al, 2013). Although these instrumental methods are highly sensitive and specific, and allow the simultaneous analysis of several hormone residues, they require expensive instrumentation, a lot of time, professional expertise, and extensive sample cleanup.…”