Simultaneous determination of fourteen pharmaceuticals in sewage sludge using online solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with accelerated solvent extraction

Development of a High-Throughput Analytical Method for Antimicrobials in Wastewater Using an Automated Pipetting and Solid-Phase Extraction System

“…These results may be advantageous for the experimental operation of the syringe-barrel-type SPE cartridge because the solid phase becomes clogged due to the large sample loading volume (tens of millilitres), preventing the sample water from passing through the solid phase and subsequent experimental operations [50,72,73]. Furthermore, in the measurement of antimicrobials in environmental waters, because the target substances are highly hydrophilic and almost all are distributed in the filtrate as they are pharmaceutical compounds, the measurement was performed on the filtrate after filtration [79,80]. However, for pharmaceutical compounds with high hydrophobicity, reports exist on the development of analytical methods and studies on the actual conditions of activated sludge in sewage treatment plants and bottom sediments in river.…”