Simultaneous Determination of Four Tanshinones by UPLC-TQ/MS and Their Pharmacokinetic Application after Administration of Single Ethanol Extract of Danshen Combined with Water Extract in Normal and Adenine-Induced Chronic Renal Failure Rats

Abstract

Salvia miltiorrhiza, one of the major traditional Chinese medicines, is commonly used and the main active ingredients-tanshinones-possess the ability to improve renal function. In this paper, the UPLC-TQ/MS method of simultaneously determining four tanshinones-tanshinone IIA, dihydrotanshinone I, tanshinone I, and cryptotanshinone-was established and applied to assess the pharmacokinetics in normal and chronic renal failure (CRF) rat plasma. The pharmacokinetics of tanshinones in rats were studied after separately intragastric administration of Salvia miltiorrhiza ethanol extract (SMEE) (0.65 g/kg), SMEE (0.65 g/kg) combined with Salvia miltiorrhiza water extract (SMWE) (1.55 g/kg). The results showed C max and AUC 0-t of tanshinone IIA, tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone reduced by 50%~80% and CLz/F increased by 2~4 times (p < 0.05) in model group after administrated with SMEE. Nevertheless, after intragastric administration of a combination of SMWE and SMEE, the C max and AUC 0-t of four tanshinones were upregulated and CLz/F was downregulated, which undulated similarity from the model group to the normal group with compatibility of SMEE and SMWE. These results hinted that SMWE could improve the bioavailability of tanshinones in CRF rats, which provides scientific information for further exploration the mechanism of the combination of SMWE and SMEE and offers a reference for clinical administration of Salvia miltiorrhiza.

Comparative pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of cryptotanshinone, tanshinone IIA, dihydrotanshinone I, and tanshinone I after oral administration of pure tanshinones and liposoluble extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza to rats

“…As shown in Tables , the C max of cryptotanshinone and Tan IIA in rats after a single oral dose of Salvia miltiorrhiza extract was significantly higher than that in rats receiving the pure tanshinones (p < 0.05), which was in accordance with previous reports (Cai et al, ; Song, ). Furthermore, the AUC 0‐∞ of cryptotanshinone, Tan IIA, diTan I, and Tan I after a single dose of the Salvia miltiorrhiza extract were found to be 4158.4 ± 1307.0, 791.8 ± 339.4, 562.4 ± 233.7, 301.3 ± 177.3 μg/L·h, respectively, which were increased by about 5.3, 4.9, 1.1 and 2.3 folds compared with that in rats receiving the pure tanshinones (p < 0.05).…”

“…(origin of Hebei, China), had a content of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone IIA of 24.5% and 34.3%, respectively. However, another study (Cai et al, ) showed that the content of the constituents in Salvia miltiorrhiza ethanol extract, tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone, dihydrotanshinone I, tanshinone I, were 12.63 mg/g, 43.73 mg/g, 10.27 mg/g, and 6.25 mg/g, respectively, which was close to our result. It is speculated that the difference in the content of tanshinones may be due to the difference in the extraction method or the source of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Liu, Li, & Wang, ).…”

Comparative Analysis of the Major Chemical Constituents in Salvia miltiorrhiza Roots, Stems, Leaves and Flowers during Different Growth Periods by UPLC-TQ-MS/MS and HPLC-ELSD Methods

“…Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), a kind of perennial herb that derived from Salvia genus of the Labiatae family, the dry roots and rhizomes are officially listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia [ 1 , 2 ], and it is highly valued and one of the most widely used traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) by virtue of its function to “promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis” that was firstly recorded in Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica (200–300 AD, Han Dynasty). The remarkable effects of S. miltiorrhiza on treatment of complicated cardiovascular diseases and cerebrovascular diseases have been reported during the past decades [ 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Comparative in vivo constituents and pharmacokinetic study in rats after oral administration of ultrafine granular powder and traditional decoction slices of Chinese Salvia

“…Active ingredients in S. miltiorrhiza mainly include hydrosoluble salvianolic acids and liposoluble tanshinones. However, phenolic acids showed poor gut permeability and extremely low bioavailability in plasma after oral administration (Cai et al, ; Li et al, ). Most importantly, since phenolic acids were also extracted in the TDS, it was not appropriate to analyze the in vivo phenolic acids after oral Salvivae Miltionrrhizae UGP and TDS.…”