Simultaneous determination of five quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides in animal feeds using ultrasonic solvent extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography

Wu, Yujie; Wang, Yulian; Huang, Lingli; Tao, Yanfei; Zhang, Yuan; Chen, Dongmei

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2006.03.092

Cited by 46 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The concentration of cyadox in the feed was confirmed to be 150 ± 1.24 mg/kg by the method of Wu et al. (). The study was performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Committee on the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of China (permit SYXK 2007‐0044) and was approved by Animal Ethic Committee of Huazhong Agricultural University.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Dietary exposure assessment of cyadox based on tissue depletion of cyadox and its major metabolites in pigs, chickens, and carp

Huang

Qiu

Sun

et al. 2017

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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The tissue kinetics of cyadox, an antibacterial agent used in food animals, and its major metabolites in pigs, chickens, and carp were investigated followed by a complete dietary exposure assessment to evaluate the food safety of cyadox. Cyadox and its major metabolites, bisdeoxycyadox (Cy1), 4-desoxycyadox (Cy2), N-(quinoxaline-2-methyl)-cyanide acetyl hydrazine (Cy4), quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (Cy6), and 2-hydrometh yl-3-hydroxy-quinoxaline (Cy12), were simultaneously quantitated with a highperformance liquid chromatography−ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) method. Pigs, chickens, and carp were fed with 150 mg/kg cyadox in feed for consecutive 60, 40, and 30 days, respectively. The residue amount of cyadox and its major metabolites in liver, kidney, muscle, and fat (skin) tissues was determined. Cy2 was below the limit of quantitation even at the withdrawal time of 6 hr, cyadox, Cy4, Cy6, and Cy12 could be detected at 6-24 hr with low level less than 50 μg/kg. By contrast, Cy1 persisted for 3 days in the kidney of pigs and chickens, and in the liver of carp. Based on these residue depletion data and previous toxicology results, the global estimated chronic dietary exposure assessment of cyadox for general population was conducted, indicating a zero withdrawal time (WDT) may be appropriate for cyadox in food animals when used in feed for prolonged administration. These results provide analytical techniques and safety standards suitable for residue monitoring of cyadox in food animals.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Dietary exposure assessment of cyadox based on tissue depletion of cyadox and its major metabolites in pigs, chickens, and carp

Huang

Qiu

Sun

et al. 2017

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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“…[15][16][17][18][19] These methods are widely used in drug residue analyses due to their accurate analyte quantication and capacity to simultaneously analyze multiple samples. [15][16][17][18][19] These methods are widely used in drug residue analyses due to their accurate analyte quantication and capacity to simultaneously analyze multiple samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of quinoxaline antibiotics in fish feed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a monoclonal antibody

et al. 2015

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Olaquindox (OLA), mequindox (MEQ), and quincetone (QCT) are widely used synthetic antibiotics of the quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide family. However, no studies have focused on the detection of sum of OLA, MEQ, and QCT by mAb-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this study, a specific mAb 2F3 against OLA, MEQ, and QCT was successfully prepared. Furthermore, using the mAb 2F3, an indirect competitive ELISA (icELISA) was developed using MQCA (quinoxaline marker) coupled to OVA as the heterologous coating antigen. Under optimized assay conditions, the IC 50 values were 1.03, 1.54, and 1.73 ng ml À1 for OLA, MEQ, and QCT, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 82.1% to 96.3%, and no cross-reactivity with other compounds was detected except for carbadox (0.9%). The developed icELISA was rapid and reliable for the determination of sum of OLA, MEQ, and QCT in fish feed.

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“…However, due to health concerns over possible carcinogenic, mutagenic and photoallergenic effects of the olaquindox on animals, its addition to animal feeds has been prohibited since the beginning of 1998 in European Union 2. In order to control the use of olaquindox, various techniques based on high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible) detector, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and liquid chromatography coupled to MS/MS (LC‐MS/MS) have been reported 3–7. Nevertheless, these developed methods are time consuming or expensive to perform, and cannot be widely used for routine analytical purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an on‐line molecularly imprinted chemiluminescence sensor for determination of trace olaquindox in chick feeds

Zhou

Song

et al. 2012

J Sci Food Agric

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Simultaneous determination of five quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides in animal feeds using ultrasonic solvent extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography

Cited by 46 publications

References 6 publications

Dietary exposure assessment of cyadox based on tissue depletion of cyadox and its major metabolites in pigs, chickens, and carp

Dietary exposure assessment of cyadox based on tissue depletion of cyadox and its major metabolites in pigs, chickens, and carp

Determination of quinoxaline antibiotics in fish feed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a monoclonal antibody

Development of an on‐line molecularly imprinted chemiluminescence sensor for determination of trace olaquindox in chick feeds

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