Simultaneous determination of cyclophosphamide and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry – application to Chinese systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Abstract

The method was efficient with shorter running time and lower limit of quantification compared to previous reports and has been successfully applied in this pharmacogenomics study.

Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine: a review focused on their application in the Chinese population

“…However, contradictory or negative results were presented in other studies of the association between CYP2B6 and pharmacokinetics/clinical outcome [88][89][90][91] . Notably, remarkable interindividual variety in the pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide had been reported in Han Chinese in South China [91] .…”

“…However, contradictory or negative results were presented in other studies of the association between CYP2B6 and pharmacokinetics/clinical outcome [88][89][90][91] . Notably, remarkable interindividual variety in the pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide had been reported in Han Chinese in South China [91] . Moreover, several studies associated other variants including CYP2B6*4, *5, *8, and *9 with lower 4-OH cyclophosphamide formation in vivo or with poor outcome [92][93][94] .…”

Cytochrome P450 Genetic Variations Can Predict mRNA Expression, Cyclophosphamide 4-Hydroxylation, and Treatment Outcomes in Chinese Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

“…The sample (5 mL) was also collected before chemotherapy for DNA extraction and used as a control. Concentrations of CPA and 4‐OH‐CPA were determined with a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method, as reported previously . In brief, after protein precipitation with cold acetonitrile and stabilization of 4‐OH‐CPA by ansyldrazine and extraction with ethyl acetate, separation was undertaken on a C18 column (3.5 μm; 2.1 × 50 mm) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and water (50:50, v/v ) with 0.1% formic acid at 200 μL/min.…”

A review of bioanalytical methods for chronic lymphocytic leukemia drugs and metabolites in biological matrices

“…Majority of the LC–MS/MS methods (Bai et al, ; Canal‐Raffin et al, ; de Jonge et al, ; DiFrancesco, Griggs, Donnelly, & Robert DiCenzo, ; Ekhart et al, ; Gao et al, ; Shu et al, , ; Zhou et al, ) quantified CP and its metabolites from patient samples used in clinical studies. A simple protein precipitation enabled the quantification of CP and its metabolites by HPLC coupled with electrospray ionization coupled to MS (ESI‐MS/MS) using acetonitrile and methanol mixture as an extraction solvent with an LLOQ of 200 and 50 ng/mL for CP and 4‐OHPC, respectively (de Jonge et al, ; Ekhart et al, ).…”

“…A simple protein precipitation enabled the quantification of CP and its metabolites by HPLC coupled with electrospray ionization coupled to MS (ESI‐MS/MS) using acetonitrile and methanol mixture as an extraction solvent with an LLOQ of 200 and 50 ng/mL for CP and 4‐OHPC, respectively (de Jonge et al, ; Ekhart et al, ). A derivatization using dansylhydrazine and hydrochloric acid was employed for 4‐OHCP; this method used ethyl acetate for extraction and a C18 column for separation (Shu et al, ). The SPE method was adopted for the extraction of CP, doxorubicin, and doxorubicinol (DiFrancesco et al, ) and CP, paclitaxel, docetaxel, vinblastine, vinorelbine, pemetrexed, carboplatin, etoposide, ifosfamide, gemcitabine, irinotecan, and SN‐38 from human plasma samples (Gao et al, ).…”