Simultaneous Determination of Copper(II), Lead(II) and Zinc(II) at Bismuth Film Electrode by Multivariate Calibration

Abstract

In this work, simultaneous determination of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) ions at low concentration levels (ppb) by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry on a Bi(III) film electrode plated in situ at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is described. A chemometric approach was used to overcome the overlapping peaks of Cu(II) and Bi(III), the competition of the electrodeposited Cu and Bi for the surface of the GCE and the formation of Cu-Zn intermetallic compounds. The construction of the multivariate calibration models, based on partial least squares regression, allowed the simultaneous determination of Cu (in the concentration range 8.0 to 20.1 ppb), Pb (2.0 to 30.0 ppb) and Zn (29.7 to 90.4 ppb) with most of the prediction errors obtained in the external validation set for the three models lower than 16, 11 and 26 %, respectively. Finally, this method was used for the determination of these trace metal ions in surface river water samples with satisfactory results [errors below 10, 5 and 32 % for Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II), respectively].

Copper film electrode for anodic stripping voltammetric determination of trace mercury and lead

“…It is evident that under comparable applied conditions the CuFE exhibited significantly improved signals of both metal ions in terms of peak heights (over 500% increase for both Hg(II) and Pb(II) compared to Au-disc electrode), shape (25% narrower signal half-widths compared to Au-electrodes) Fig. 1Ab and 1Ba, slightly asymmetric stripping/broadened signals of Pb(II) at the CuFE were observed, probably due to formation of Cu-Pb intermetallic compound [27].…”

Comparison of Different PLS Algorithms for Simultaneous Determination of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry at Bismuth Film Electrode

“…Recently, Alves et al 10 introduced the use of a bismuth film electrode in the development of a multivariate method based on PLS, successfully applied for direct determination of Pb(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II), in surface river water samples. That work shows that problems occurring due to the use of a bismuth film such as overlapping signals (copper and bismuth peaks) and metal interactions (e.g.…”

A novel tin-bismuth alloy electrode for anodic stripping voltammetric determination of zinc

“…Bismuth offers the closest behavior to mercury but with very low toxicity [15]. Both in situ or ex situ bismuth film electrode (BiFE) [16][17][18][19] and bulk bismuth electrode (BiBE) [20][21][22] display a very attractive stripping behavior. Some concerns were also focused on tin film electrode because the position of tin and bismuth is catercorner in periodic table of the elements and tin has analogical character of bismuth [23][24][25].…”