Simultaneous determination of cocaine, ecgonine methyl ester, benzoylecgonine, cocaethylene and norcocaine in dried blood spots by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry

Lizot, Lilian de Lima Feltraco; Silva, Anne Caroline Cezimbra da; Bastiani, Marcos Frank; Hahn, Roberta Zilles; Bulcão, Rachel Picada; Perassolo, Magda Susana; Antunes, Marina Venzon; Linden, Rafael

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.03.026

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Although COC stability in biosamples is usually reported to be low, even in dried microsamples such as DBS [37], several recent studies have found that the drying step significantly increases stability [33][34][35][36]. It should be noted that the different nature of the VAMS support as opposed to the DBS support (synthetic polymer vs. natural cellulose) could have some effect on analyte stability and extraction as well.…”

Section: Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although some LC-MS/MS methods can be found in the literature in the last few years, dealing with the analysis of COC, BEG, and EME in human plasma [25][26][27][28][29][30][31], only a few of these also include CET [29,30]. Other papers describe COC, BEG, EME [32], and CET [33,34] determination in capillary or venous whole blood. Some papers deal with the possibility of microsampling for COC and metabolites determination in capillary whole blood, and all of them use some form of DBS for this purpose [33][34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other papers describe COC, BEG, EME [32], and CET [33,34] determination in capillary or venous whole blood. Some papers deal with the possibility of microsampling for COC and metabolites determination in capillary whole blood, and all of them use some form of DBS for this purpose [33][34][35][36][37]. For obvious reasons, these methods suffer from the general drawbacks of DBS sampling, including the dependence of sampling volume on hematocrit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood and Plasma Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) Coupled to LC-MS/MS for the Forensic Assessment of Cocaine Consumption

2020

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Reliable, feasible analytical methods are needed for forensic and anti-doping testing of cocaine and its most important metabolites, benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester, and cocaethylene (the active metabolite formed in the presence of ethanol). An innovative workflow is presented here, using minute amounts of dried blood or plasma obtained by volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS), followed by miniaturized pretreatment by dispersive pipette extraction (DPX) and LC-MS/MS analysis. After sampling 20 µL of blood or plasma with a VAMS device, the sample was dried, extracted, and loaded onto a DPX tip. The DPX pretreatment lasted less than one minute and after elution with methanol the sample was directly injected into the LC-MS/MS system. The chromatographic analysis was carried out on a C8 column, using a mobile phase containing aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile. Good extraction yield (> 85%), precision (relative standard deviation, RSD < 6.0%) and matrix effect (< 12%) values were obtained. Analyte stability was outstanding (recovery > 85% after 2 months at room temperature). The method was successfully applied to real blood and plasma VAMS, with results in very good agreement with those of fluid samples. The method seems suitable for the monitoring of concomitant cocaine and ethanol use by means of plasma or blood VAMS testing.

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Section: Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood and Plasma Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) Coupled to LC-MS/MS for the Forensic Assessment of Cocaine Consumption

2020

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“…Urine and blood are the most commonly used samples in clinical setting, while the rest of the listed options are usually regarded as alternatives. Less conventional matrices include dried blood spots with capillary blood, which is also used for neonatal metabolic disease screening and has recently gained more attention in clinical and forensic toxicology also for other applications . Advantages of these alternative techniques are their longer detection time window and the less invasive sample collection and easier storage and shipping .…”

Section: Analyticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Less conventional matrices include dried blood spots with capillary blood, which is also used for neonatal metabolic disease screening 28 and has recently gained more attention in clinical and forensic toxicology also for other applications. [29][30][31] Advantages of these alternative techniques are their longer detection time window and the less invasive sample collection and easier storage and shipping. 29 Usually, urine is the matrix collected for drug testing in clinical settings, because sampling is noninvasive, it is readily available, and has a longer detection window compared to blood.…”

Section: Samples and Sample Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical value of analytical testing in patients presenting with new psychoactive substances intoxication

Grafinger

Liechti

Liakoni

2019

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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New psychoactive substances (NPS) have emerged worldwide in recent years, posing a threat to public health and a challenge to drug policy. NPS are usually derivatives or analogues of classical recreational drugs designed to imitate their effects while circumventing regulations. This article provides an overview of benefits and limitations of analytical screening in managing patients presenting with acute NPS toxicity. NPS typically cannot be analytically identified with the usual immunoassay tests. To detect NPS using an immunoassay, antibodies specifically binding to the new structures would have to be developed, which is complicated by the rapid change of the NPS market. Activity‐based assays could circumvent this problem since no prior knowledge on the substance structure is necessary. However, classical recreational drugs activating the same receptors could lead to false positive results. Liquid or gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry is a valuable NPS analysis tool, but its costs (e.g. equipment), run time (results usually within hours vs minutes in case of immunoasssays) and the need for specialized personnel hinder its use in clinical setting, while factors such as lack of reference standards can pose further limitations. Although supportive measures are sufficient in most cases for adequate patient management, the detection and identification of NPS can contribute significantly to public health and safety in cases of e.g. cluster intoxications and outbreaks, and to the investigation of these novel compounds' properties. However, this requires not only availability of the necessary equipment and personnel, but also collaboration between clinicians, authorities and laboratories.

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Do dried blood spots (DBS) have the potential to support result management processes in routine sports drug testing?

Thevis

Kuuranne

Dib

et al. 2020

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Dried blood spots (DBS) have been considered as complementary matrix in sports drug testing for many years. Especially concerning substances prohibited in‐competition only, the added value of DBS collected concomitantly with routine doping control urine samples has been debated, and an increasing potential of DBS has been discussed in the scientific literature. To which extent and under which prerequisites DBS can contribute to enhanced anti‐doping efforts is currently evaluated. As a proof‐of‐principle, two analytical applications, one targeting cocaine/benzoyl ecgonine and the other prednisone/prednisolone, are presented in this perspective to indicate potential added value but also presently existing limitations of the DBS approach.

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Simultaneous determination of cocaine, ecgonine methyl ester, benzoylecgonine, cocaethylene and norcocaine in dried blood spots by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Blood and Plasma Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) Coupled to LC-MS/MS for the Forensic Assessment of Cocaine Consumption

Blood and Plasma Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) Coupled to LC-MS/MS for the Forensic Assessment of Cocaine Consumption

Clinical value of analytical testing in patients presenting with new psychoactive substances intoxication

Do dried blood spots (DBS) have the potential to support result management processes in routine sports drug testing?

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