Simultaneous Determination of Cocaine and Metabolites in Human Plasma Using Solid Phase Micro-Extraction Fiber Tips C18 and UPLC–MS/MS

Lizot, Lilian de Lima Feltraco; Silva, Anne Caroline Cezimbra da; Bastiani, Marcos Frank; Maurer, Tales Fernando; Hahn, Roberta Zilles; Perassolo, Magda Susana; Antunes, Marina Venzon; Linden, Rafael

doi:10.1093/jat/bkz042

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Additionally, the method is characterized by low energy consumption, low laboratory waste production, and device reusability, while still enabling performance comparable or superior to the traditional methods [ 5 ]. C 18 -coated SPME tips and fibers are already popular around the world, as indicated by the publications of many research groups within the last 2 years [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. C 18 is also one of most popular coating types for the development of new SPME solutions, such as thin-film microextraction (TFME) blades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of Innovative and Fully Water-Compatible Stationary Phases of Thin-Film Microextraction (TFME) Blades

2021

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Octadecyl (C18) groups are arguably the most popular ligands used for preparation of solid phase microextraction (SPME) devices. However, conventional C18-bonded silica particles are not fully compatible with the nearly 100% aqueous composition of typical biological samples (e.g., plasma, saliva, or urine). This study presents the first evaluation of thin-film SPME devices coated with special water-compatible C18-bonded particles. Device performance was assessed by extracting a mixture of 30 model compounds that exhibited various chemical structures and properties, such as hydrophobicity. Additionally, nine unique compositions of desorption solvents were tested. Thin-film SPME devices coated with C18-bonded silica particles with polar end-capping groups (10 µm) were compared with conventional trimethylsilane end-capped C18-bonded silica particles of various sizes (5, 10, and 45 µm) and characteristics. Polar end-capped particles provided the best extraction efficacy and were characterized by the strongest correlations between the efficacy of the extraction process and the hydrophobicity of the analytes. The results suggest that the original features of octadecyl ligands are best preserved in aqueous conditions by polar end-capped particles, unlike with conventional trimethylsilane end-capped particles that are currently used to prepare SPME devices. The benefits associated with this improved type of coating encourage further implementation of microextractraction as greener alternative to the traditional sample preparation methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of Innovative and Fully Water-Compatible Stationary Phases of Thin-Film Microextraction (TFME) Blades

2021

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“…Recently, the combination of SPME with liquid desorption has been applied to liquid chromatography (LC) due to the availability of SPME tips made mostly of the octadecylsilane phase. Using SPME tips, Lizot et al (2020) carried out the simultaneous quantification of cocaine and its metabolites in plasma specimens, performing the analysis by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Only a 50 μL sample was necessary, which was diluted with a buffer before being exposed to fibers.…”

Section: Microextraction Sample Preparation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The limits of detection (LODs) and LLOQs found for the tested analytes were 0.5 and 5 ng/mL. In addition, a key metric evaluated was the fiber's reusability, and it was determined that using them is more than seven times as cost-effective and environmentally friendly (Lizot et al, 2020).…”

Section: Solid-phase Microextractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green chemistry: Developments and perspectives for sample treatment in forensic methodologies

Birk

Santos

Schwarz

et al. 2023

WIREs Forensic Science

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In recent years, the environmental implications of advancements in various scientific fields, including analytical chemistry, have become a subject of increasing concern. As a result, the concept of “Green Analytical Chemistry” has been developed, comprising a set of practices designed to reduce the use of toxic chemicals. In the field of analytical, minimizing chemical usage presents a significant challenge, as several sample preparation methods inherently require the utilization of large quantities of solvents. However, this challenge can be addressed through the implementation of both single and combined strategies. One of these strategies is the miniaturization of methods applying the principles of classic liquid–liquid and solid phase extractions in a smaller scale of reagents and samples. In addition, the conventional reagents used in sample preparation can be replaced with green solvents and sorbents. The utilization of miniaturized techniques in forensic toxicology has been widely adopted. Despite this, there remain numerous unexplored applications due to the vast diversity of analytes and biological matrices available. Therefore, implementing green chemistry practices can provide numerous benefits, including enhanced worker safety, reduced waste, and cost savings.This article is categorized under: Toxicology > Analytical Toxicology > Drug Analysis Toxicology > Post‐Mortem

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Section: Screening-controlled Drugs By Microextraction-based Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 2 resumes with detail these miniaturized applications for the enrichment of cocaine and related substances in forensic matrices, with emphasis on the key characteristics on the developed methodologies. Table S2 (Supplementary Material) contains information regarding other techniques for the determination of these classes of compounds in the forensic context [52,84,99,100,104,[114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133]. Another important class of stimulant drugs are amphetamine (AMP) and amphetaminetype substances (ATS), which include methamphetamine (MAMP), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy), N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDEA), and methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA).…”

Section: Stimulants and Related Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Microextraction-Based Techniques for Screening-Controlled Drugs in Forensic Context—A Review

et al. 2021

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The analysis of controlled drugs in forensic matrices, i.e., urine, blood, plasma, saliva, and hair, is one of the current hot topics in the clinical and toxicological context. The use of microextraction-based approaches has gained considerable notoriety, mainly due to the great simplicity, cost-benefit, and environmental sustainability. For this reason, the application of these innovative techniques has become more relevant than ever in programs for monitoring priority substances such as the main illicit drugs, e.g., opioids, stimulants, cannabinoids, hallucinogens, dissociative drugs, and related compounds. The present contribution aims to make a comprehensive review on the state-of-the art advantages and future trends on the application of microextraction-based techniques for screening-controlled drugs in the forensic context.

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Simultaneous Determination of Cocaine and Metabolites in Human Plasma Using Solid Phase Micro-Extraction Fiber Tips C18 and UPLC–MS/MS

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Benefits of Innovative and Fully Water-Compatible Stationary Phases of Thin-Film Microextraction (TFME) Blades

Benefits of Innovative and Fully Water-Compatible Stationary Phases of Thin-Film Microextraction (TFME) Blades

Green chemistry: Developments and perspectives for sample treatment in forensic methodologies

Application of Microextraction-Based Techniques for Screening-Controlled Drugs in Forensic Context—A Review

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