Simultaneous determination of chloroquine and its three metabolites in human plasma, whole blood and urine by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography

Sensitive fluorescence HPLC assay for AQ-13, a candidate aminoquinoline antimalarial, that also detects chloroquine and N-dealkylated metabolites☆

“…Linearity is likewise excellent across the relevant range of therapeutic concentrations. In comparison to previously published assays for CQ and other AQs [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]30], the advantages of this method include its ability to measure the concentrations of AQ-13, CQ and their metabolites simultaneously (in the same blood specimen), solid-phase extraction using commercially available extraction cartridges, the choice of an appropriate IS, and the 60% borate plus 40% acetonitrile mobile phase. The IS used for these studies (AQ-18) was chosen because of its structural similarity to AQ-13 and CQ, its elution time, and its lack of antiparasite activity.…”

“…Mobile phases used have included methanol-phosphate buffer-perchloric acid (0.1 M, pH 3; 250:747.5:2.5, v/v/v) [12], acetonitrile-phosphate buffer (10 mM, pH 3.5; 69:31, v/v) [13], acetonitrile-phosphate buffer (pH 6.5; 20:80, v/v) [14], and methanol-water (70:30, v/v) with 0.1% triethylamine (0.1%, v/v) [15]. These HPLC methods have been used to estimate the concentrations of CQ and other AQs in plasma [16][17][18][19][20][21][22], serum [23], blood cells [16][17][18]24], human biological fluids [18,25], urine [18,19,21,24,[26][27][28], saliva [21] and whole blood [23,27].…”

Simultaneous determination of monodesethylchloroquine, chloroquine, cycloguanil and proguanil on dried blood spots by reverse-phase liquid chromatography

“…Several HPLC methods have been published for the measurement of chloroquine and its metabolites [3,[14][15][16][17], proguanil and cycloguanil [6,[18][19][20] or all these compounds in a single run of biological samples [21,22] or pharmaceutical preparations [23]. The aim of this study was to develop an HPLC procedure for the combined analysis of chloroquine, proguanil (and their main metabolites) in a small volume (80 L) of blood dried on a filter paper.…”

Daño en el ADN de linfocitos humanos por efecto de cloroquina

“…Esta investigación muestra evidencias del efecto clastogénico de la CQ en linfocitos humanos de sangre periférica in vitro expuestos a diferentes concentraciones de CQ. Estos daños genéticos pueden presentarse en los diferentes tejidos y fluidos de pacientes tratados con CQ, desde concentraciones que fluctúan entre 0,05 µg/ml hasta 334,4 µg/ml (15,16) .…”