Simultaneous determination of candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma by LC-MS/MS

Abstract

A simple, sensitive, rapid and highly efficient LC-MS/MS method was developed for the determination of Candesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide simultaneously in human plasma. The method employed Zorbax eclipse C18 (150 X 4.6 mm, 5µ) column using acetate buffer: acetonitrile (25:75%, v/v) as the mobile phase. The mobile phase flow rate is 1 mL/min which was delivered into the mass spectrometer electron spray ionization chamber. The Liquid/liquid extraction procedure was used in the method for the extraction of analytes. The chromatograph was attached to a negative ion mode tandem mass spectrometer and the method was validated for all the parameters as per the guidelines of US-FDA. The ions were detected in multiple reaction monitoring mode and the transitions are m/z 439.00→309.10 and 295.80→268.80 for candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide respectively. Isotopic standards were used as internal standards for effective recovery of the analytes. The drugs were analyzed over a calibration range of 1.027-302.047 ng/mL for candesartan and 1.044-306.945 ng/mL for hydrochlorothiazide respectively with regression coefficient greater than 0.99. The mean extraction recoveries are 96.95±5.61 and 100.55±4.82 for candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide respectively. The precision and accuracy values for all the studies were within the range of ≤15% and 85-115%. The performed stability studies indicate that the developed method is stable in plasma for 15 h at room temperature (bench top); 52 h (in injector); for 112 days at-70 ºC for long term stability; five successive freeze and thaw cycles. The developed method could be successfully employed for the determination of selected drugs in biological samples.

An immunochromatographic strip sensor for rapid and sensitive detection of candesartan, olmesartan medoxomil, and irbesartan in herbal beverages

“…A herbal beverage sample was obtained locally from Wuxi and was conrmed negative for CAN, OLM, and IRB using LC-MS/ MS referring to previous research. 20,[39][40][41] Negative samples were diluted ve-fold in PBS to create a standard dilution series to minimize matrix effects and shorten the time required to display results.…”

Chemometric Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide in Binary Combinations

“…Also, hydrochlorothiazide is determined by liquid chromatography [ 23 , 24 ], capillary zone electrophoresis [ 25 ], and spectrophotometry [ 26 , 27 ]. The combined dosage of CAN and HCT was resolved simultaneously by different analytical methods like high-performance liquid chromatography [ 28 , 29 ], high-performance thin layer chromatography [ 30 ], liquid chromatography, mass spectroscopy [ 31 , 32 ], liquid chromatography [ 33 , 34 ], derivative spectrophotometry [ 5 ], and the derivative ratio method [ 35 ].…”

Sustainable spectrophotometric determination of antihypertensive medicines reducing COVID-19 risk via paired wavelength data processing technique - Assessment of purity, greenness and whiteness

“…For effective pharmacological action of the proposed drugs, they are co-formulated in single-pill (Atacand plus® tablet), these double antihypertensive medicines attract the attention of researchers due to their paired pharmacological effects including the drug's capability to reduce levels of the blood pressure (BP) as well as lowering risk of coronavirus mortality and morbidity of antihypertensive patients. Different analytical methods have been reported for the studied binary mixture of CAN and HCT comprising spectrophotometry ( Abdelaleem et al, 2013 ; Ahmad Charoo et al, 2009 ; Belal et al, 2013 ; Daharwal and Singh, 2015 ; H Mohamed et al, 2020 ; Mukthinuthalapati and Kumar, 2015 ; Üstündağ and Dinç, 2021 ; Workie et al, 2017 ; Youssef et al, 2010 ; ÜSTÜNDAĞ and Erdal, 2021 ÜSTÜNDAĞ and Erdal, 2021 ;; Erk, 2003a ÜSTÜNDAĞ and Erdal, 2021;) and chromatography methods( Bharathi et al, 2012 ; Bonthu et al, 2018 ; de Diego et al, 2018 de Diego et al, 2018 ;; Erk, 2003b ; Khedr, 2008 Khedr, 2008 ;; Madhavi et al, 2017 ; Singh et al, 2014 ; Üstündağ and Dinç, 2021 ; Youssef et al, 2010 ; Gaurkhede and Chandewar, 2018 ; Pappula et al, 2019 de Diego et al, 2018;Khedr, 2008;).…”