Simultaneous Determination of 13 Fluoroquinolone and 22 Sulfonamide Residues in Milk by a Dual-Colorimetric Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Abstract

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) usually focus on the detection of a single analyte or a single group of analytes, e.g., fluoroquinolones or sulfonamides. However, it is often necessary to simultaneously monitor two classes of antimicrobial residues in different food matrixes. In this paper, we describe a dual-colorimetric ELISA for the simultaneous detection of 13 fluoroquinolone and 22 sulfonamide residues. The limit of detection for fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides was 2.4 and 5.8 ng/mL, respectively. The developed immunoassay is suitable for high-throughput screening of these low-molecular weight contaminants. This is the first report where two different enzymes (alkaline phosphatase and horseradish peroxidase) were used in one immunoassay and together in a single well for simultaneous detection of multiple low-molecular weight chemical residues.

Determination of sulfonamides in milk by ID-LC-MS/MS

“…The methods reported in the literature for the determination of sulfonamide residues comprise enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [9,10], capillary electrophoresis [11,12], high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode array detection (DAD)/ florescence detection (FLD) [13][14][15][16], gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [17,18], liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) [2,[19][20][21] and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) [20,22]. In order to fulfill the requirements of food safety regulations, methods developed to determine sulfonamide residues in milk should be sensitive, selective and capable of detecting the residues below the maximum residue limits (MRL).…”

Carboxylated graphene oxide/polyvinyl chloride as solid-phase extraction sorbent combined with ion chromatography for the determination of sulfonamides in cosmetics

“…Subsequently, a variety of materials are synthesized or modified for specific applications. These compositive materials may be classified as molecularlyimprinted sorbents [10], immunosorbents [11], aptamers [12,13], electrospun nanofibers [14,15] and carbon nanotubes [16]. The challenges are still unresolved, in terms of extraction capacity and selectivity for trace analytes in complex matrices.…”

“…G and graphene oxide (GO) exhibit large surface area, chemical stability, durability and corrosion resistance, and have attracted greater interest than classical materials. G and GO seem to be ideal sorbents in SPE or solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and their adsorption capacity can be attributable to the delocalized p-electron system allowing to p-stacking interaction with six-membered rings [16]. G is considered a non-polar and hydrophobic sorbent with strong affinity for ring-shaped structures, which can be used in reversed-phase SPE.…”

Hexafluoroisopropanol-induced coacervation in aqueous mixed systems of cationic and anionic surfactants for the extraction of sulfonamides in water samples

“…Therefore, analysis of SAs residues in the environmental water has drawn increasing concerns. At present, a lot of methods such as enzyme immunoassays [31,32], high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [33][34][35][36], gas chromatography [37], and capillary electrophoresis [38] have been used to determine SAs. However, preconcentration and cleanup are usually required prior to determination of SAs due to relatively low SAs concentration in water samples and relative complexity of environmental water matrices.…”