“…Virtual delivery of CM using remote verification of substance use is under evaluation as a remotely delivered treatment for alcohol use ( NCT03883126 ), with promising preliminary findings ( Koffarnus, Kablinger, Swallow, & Bickel, 2015 ). Abstinence verification technologies for alcohol use include remote breath sensors ( Keays, 2014 ; Ofir, Navon, Yichie, & Biron, 2014 ) and wearables ( Fairbairn & Kang, 2019 ; Flango & Cheesman, 2009 ); and development is underway for wearables and remote sensors to detect cocaine ( Holtyn et al, 2019 ), nicotine ( Imtiaz, Ramos-Garcia, Wattal, Tiffany, & Sazonov, 2019 ; Tai et al, 2020 ), cannabis ( Mishra et al, 2020 ), and simultaneous use of multiple substances ( Xue et al, 2020 ). Research is necessary to: 1) support deploying CM into virtual care, including evaluating the feasibility and effectiveness of remotely delivered CM for a variety of SUDs, and 2) develop implementation strategies to embed remote CM into existing clinics sustainably.…”