Simultaneous Detection of Multiple STR Loci on Sex Chromosomes for Forensic Testing of Sex and Identity

Abstract

The forensic usefulness of X and Y chromosomal STR loci has recently been demonstrated. One quadruplex-PCR, using 2 X- and 2 Y-STRs (STRX1/HPRTB and DYS390/DYS393), and 2 duplex-PCRs, each using an X- and a Y-STR (ARA/DYS390 and ARA/DYS393), and detection of PCR products by using an automated DNA sequencer are reported herein. This approach allows us to determine not only the sex of the donor of a sample, but also the X- and/or Y-STR genotypes of the sample. A male biological specimen yields 4 amplified products in quadruplex-PCR and 2 amplified fragments in duplex-PCRs, whereas a female biological specimen yields only 2 amplified fragments of X-STR in quadruplex-PCR and one fragment, also of X-STR, in duplex-PCRs. Our study thus provides useful information for many activities in forensic practice, such as identity testing, paternity testing, especially of deficiency cases, compilation of population data, and sex determination of a biological sample from a single PCR.

Development of a pentaplex X-chromosomal short tandem repeat typing system and population genetic studies

“…At HPRTB the Philippine population differs significantly from the German and Italian [18] populations (Table 7), possibly due to the limited number of alleles in the Philippine sample. DXS981, also designated as 'STRX1' [7][8][9]15], has been described as an unusual tetrameric repeat locus combining length variation and insertion/deletion polymorphisms [8]. DXS981 is characterized by the frequent occurrence of a 1 bp deletion in repeat 12 ''ATCT'' to ''ATC'' and a 2 bp TT deletion 83 bp upstream from the first repeat [8].…”

“…In recognition of these potential applications, X-STR systems have been developed for analysis of various forensic cases [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Among these, five loci (Table 1) were combined to form a pentaplex system due to their high degree of polymorphism and ease of typing.…”

Analysis of the short tandem repeat Ioci forSTRX 1, HPRTB, ARA, DYS390, DYS392andDYS393in Koreans

“…The quadruplex PCR for four STR loci, S TRX 1, HPRTB, DYS390 and DYS393, and two single PCR for ARA and DYS392 were performed, according to methods described previously (Tun et al, 1999). 10-20 ng each of template DNA, 200 uM dNTPs, 1.5 mM MgCl, 50 mM KC1, 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.3, 2 U…”

Study of six X-linked tetranucleotide microsatellites: population data from five Spanish regions

“…Since fathers transmit the same X chromosome to all their daughters, they are particularly useful in deficiency paternity cases when the child is a female, in maternity testing, and in paternity cases involving blood relatives [1]. Thus, several groups have published methods to amplify different microsatellites and have reported allelic frequencies [2][3][4][5]. In fact, our group reported the characterisation of five polymorphic loci on the X chromosome in a single reaction [6].…”