“…Several DNA-based typing techniques, such as restriction fragment length polymorphism (Perrig et al, 2015;Tomazi et al, 2019), DNA random amplification reaction, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE; Reinoso et al, 2015;Fessia et al, 2018;Werner et al, 2018), and multilocus sequence typing (Coffey et al, 2006;Rato et al, 2008;Lang et al, 2009) have already been described for the characterization of S. uberis. However, methods based on specific probes derived by PCR (hybridization) provide higher accuracy for virus and bacterial discrimination and involve lower costs (Meng et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2014;Guo et al, 2015). Unlike PCR, which uses target fragments or sequences for identification, DNA hybridization uses DNA denatured by heat, and depends on the positive hybridization signal of the target sample with known DNA probes.…”