Simultaneous Degradation of Cypermethrin and Its Metabolite, 3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid, by the Cooperation of Bacillus licheniformis B-1 and Sphingomonas sp. SC-1

Abstract

Cypermethrin (CY) and its metabolite, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), generally coexist in agricultural soil and cause a toxic effect on the human body. In this study, CY and its metabolite 3-PBA were simultaneously degraded by the cooperation of Bacillus licheniformis B-1 and Sphingomonas sp. SC-1. The effects of the inoculation proportion and inoculation method of these two strains, cultivation time, and initial CY content on the degradation of CY and 3-PBA were investigated. Furthermore, the degradation of CY and 3-PBA in soil environment by using the cooperation of these two strains was also determined. When the inoculation proportion of the biomass of strain B-1/strain SC-1 was 3.3:6.7, strain B-1 was inoculated first, and strain SC-1 was inoculated after 24 h of cultivation, 75.60% CY (100 mg L(-1)) was degraded at 72 h and the 3-PBA content was 10.31 mg L(-1). Compared with those by using only strain B-1, the half-life of CY by using these two strains was shortened from 71.90 to 35.71 h, and the yield coefficient of 3-PBA was decreased from 0.8938 to 0.2651. As in the soil environment, the CY content by using these two strains within a period of 25 days declined from 22.71 to 5.33 mg kg(-1) and the 3-PBA content was 1.84 mg kg(-1). Compared with those by using only strain B-1, the half-life of CY by using these two strains was shortened from 19.86 to 11.34 days and the yield coefficient of 3-PBA was decreased from 0.5302 to 0.2056. This work could develop a promising approach for the simultaneous degradation of CY and its metabolite 3-PBA in agricultural soil.

Time-dependent effect of graphene on the structure, abundance, and function of the soil bacterial community

“…The results suggested that the presence of graphene might have a negative impact on the cycling of nitrogen, and further research should be performed to explore the influence of graphene on the specific microbial communities or functional genes that are responsible for nitrogen cycling. The genera Arthrobacter, Geobacter and Bacillus are commonly described as being capable of degrading organic pollutants [46][47][48], which is very useful for bioremediation. The results of the present study indicated the positive impact of graphene on these populations, suggesting that graphene may be considered to act as a promoter of the degradation of organic pollutants and to improve the biodegradation efficiency.…”

Co-Metabolic Degradation of β-Cypermethrin and 3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid by Co-Culture of Bacillus licheniformis B-1 and Aspergillus oryzae M-4

“…LB-MS medium was prepared according to previously described methods [13] and consisted of LB and MS at a ratio of 2:1 (v/v). The pH value of medium was adjusted to between 7.0 and 7.5 prior to sterilization at 121°C for 20 min.…”

“…Bacillus licheniformis B-1 is capable of efficiently degrading β-CY via co-metabolism, but was unable to degrade 3-PBA [13]. Previous reports demonstrated that fungi are more efficient than bacteria in degrading compounds with benzene ring structures [15,16,19], implying that fungi should be more suitable to degrade 3-PBA as compared to bacteria [19].…”

Cooperative Mn(II) oxidation between two bacterial strains in an aquatic environment

“…Three gram-negative strains, including one strain of genus Sphingopyxis, are only capable of degrading geosmin when they are combined as a whole group (Hoefel et al, 2006). The emergent biochemical properties generated from interspecific interactions contribute to our general knowledge of single strain functions, and provide us with an alternative method to accomplish various tasks, such as identification of new fungi-derived pharmaceuticals (Bertrand et al, 2014;Ochi and Hosaka, 2013) and degradation of organic contaminants (Liu et al, 2014;Wu et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2013). However, research regarding transformations of certain metals (e.g.…”