“…For instance, anthracene, 10,11 anthraquinone, 12,13 calixpyrrole, 14,15 dipyrrolylquinoxaline, 16 and other chromophore molecules have been used as chromogenic units, displaying various colors and/or uorescence. In addition, uoride-binding motifs such as urea, 17,18 thiourea, 19,20 hydrazide, 21,22 indole, 23,24 and imidazole 23,25 groups have been adopted for selective recognition of uoride. The receptor groups mostly recognize uoride by Hbonding or deprotonation of the -NH moiety.…”