Simultaneous automatic calibration and direction-of-time removal in frequency-resolved optical gating

Zeek, E.; Shreenath, Aparna; O’Shea, Patrick; Kimmel, Mark W.; Trebino, Rick

doi:10.1007/s00340-002-0900-1

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Yellampalle et al also reminded us of an SHG FROG trivial ambiguity, described earlier by Taylor and co-workers [3,4] and also by us [5,6]: pulses well separated in time ( Fig. 1 in [1]).…”

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confidence: 81%

Amplitude ambiguities in second-harmonic-generation frequency-resolved optical gating: comment

Kane

Trebino

2009

Opt. Lett.

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The authors of an earlier paper [Opt. Lett. 32, 3558 (2007)] reported two "ambiguities" in second-harmonic-generation frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG). One ambiguity is simply wrong--a miscalculation. The other is well known and easily avoided in simple well-known FROG variations. Finally, the authors' main conclusion--that autocorrelation can be more sensitive to pulse variations than FROG--is also wrong.

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“…Yellampalle et al also reminded us of an SHG FROG trivial ambiguity, described earlier by Taylor and co-workers [3,4] and also by us [5,6]: pulses well separated in time ( Fig. 1 in [1]).…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

Amplitude ambiguities in second-harmonic-generation frequency-resolved optical gating: comment

Kane

Trebino

2009

Opt. Lett.

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“…This ambiguity can be resolved by an additional measurement of the test pulse after adding known dispersion (e.g., passing through a glass slide before the device) or adding a dispersive element in one arm of the interferometer to break the symmetry (note that simply attenuating one beam is not sufficient) [56]. Alternatively one can use the third-order polarizability of optical materials to provide five alternative geometries: polarization gating (PG), self-diffraction (SD), transient grating (TG) in two geometries [57] and third harmonic generation (THG) [58]; the gate functions are given in Eqs.…”

Section: Frequency-resolved Optical Gatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrashort Pulse Characterization

Wyatt

2014

Attosecond and XUV Physics

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“…Time-reversal making a second trace, which is consistent with only one of the directions of time. Also, a few ambiguities exist for well-separated pulses in time and modes in frequency (such pulses are better measured using a properly designed XFROG, which does not have these ambiguities, but if one insists on using FROG, use of an etalon as the beam-splitter removes them and also the direction-of-time ambiguity if present [2,15]). In any case, for all other pulses, FROG works extremely well.…”

Section: Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As is often the case with new ideas, there are many misconceptions about FROG in the literature. For example, the simple trick of using an etalon as the beam-splitter in a FROG to remove the well-separated-pulse ambiguities [2,15] is not well known, and, as a result, very complex methods have been introduced to remove these ambiguities. Unfortunately, complex methods are as likely to introduce a distortion as to measure it, and so such methods should only be used with extreme care.…”

Section: Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple devices for measuring complex ultrashort pulses

Trebino

Bowlan

Gabolde

et al. 2009

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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We describe experimentally simple, accurate, and reliable methods for measuring from very simple to potentially very complex ultrashort laser pulses. With only a few easily aligned components, these methods allow the measurement of a wide range of pulses, including those with time-bandwidth products greater than 1000 and those with energies of only a few hundred photons. In addition, two new, very simple methods allow the measurement of the complete spatio-temporal intensity and phase of even complex pulses on a single shot or at a tight focus.Side views of an ultrashort laser pulse focusing in the presence of spherical aberration and group-velocity dispersion (GVD) and measured by Pamela Bowlan using SEA TADPOLE. In the nine snapshots, the color indicates the actual pulse color vs. space and time before and after the focus. The white dots represent the pulse-front (the highest intensity for a given transverse coordinate). The fringes in the beam before the focus are due to spherical aberration, and the rainbow-like appearance is due to the GVD. A short pre-history of ultrashort-laser-pulse measurementIn the 1960s, researchers began generating laser pulses shorter than could be measured using electronic detectors, and the field of ultrashort-laser-pulse measurement was born. How to measure humankind's shortest events? The goal was (and still is) to measure the pulse electric field vs. time, that is, its intensity, I(t), and phase, φ(t):or, equivalently, in the frequency domain, the pulse spectrum, S(ω), and spectral phase, ϕ(ω):Ẽomitting the negative-frequency component of the pulse. In principle, a shorter event is necessary to make the measurement. But clearly no such event was available. Researchers quickly realized that the shortest event available was the event itself. Thus autocorrelation [1] was born. Autocorrelation involved splitting the pulse into two, spatially overlapping the two pulses in some instantaneously responding nonlinear-optical medium, such as a secondharmonic-generation (SHG) crystal (See Fig. 1), and variably delaying one pulse with respect to the other. A SHG crystal produces light at twice the frequency of the input

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Simultaneous automatic calibration and direction-of-time removal in frequency-resolved optical gating

Cited by 25 publications

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Amplitude ambiguities in second-harmonic-generation frequency-resolved optical gating: comment

Amplitude ambiguities in second-harmonic-generation frequency-resolved optical gating: comment

Ultrashort Pulse Characterization

Simple devices for measuring complex ultrashort pulses

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