Simultaneous assay of zinc protoporphyrin and protoporphyrin IX in dried blood

Orfanos, Adam P.; Guthrie, Robert; Jinks, David C.; Vollmer, Daniel

doi:10.1016/0009-8981(89)90191-5

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This broad variation suggests that the ZnPP/PPIX ratio indeed might provide valuable information. The HPLC measurements indicate a contribution of 47% of ZnPP to the erythrocyte non-heme protoporphyrins, which deviates from the values (85-95%) found in the older literature [2][3][4]. However, this may be attributed to the fact that erythrocyte porphyrin measurement has been poorly standardized to date; in particular, no external quality assessment system has been implemented for erythrocyte porphyrin determination.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…Divalent iron is the preferred substrate for erythroid ferrochelatase, but divalent zinc can serve as an alternative, and small amounts of ZnPP are formed under physiological conditions [2]. In health, the nonheme protoporphyrins are present as approximately 85-95% ZnPP and 5-15% PPIX [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overproduction of PPIX, resulting from a gain of function mutation in the rate-limiting erythroid-specific (ALAS2) isoform of mitochondrial 5-aminolevulinate synthase (EC 2.3.1.37), results in marked accumulation of both PPIX and ZnPP in the recently recognized X-linked dominant protoporphyria [11]. Decreased ferrochelatase enzymatic activity in erythropoietic protoporphyria also produces massive increases in erythrocyte PPIX, but without an increase in ZnPP [3,12]. Erythrocyte PPIX may also be elevated in aminolevulinic acid dehydratase deficiency porphyria while ZnPP accumulates in congenital erythropoietic porphyria and hepatoerythropoietic porphyria [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To calculate the ZnPP/heme and PPIX/heme ratios, an additional measurement of the circulating hemoglobin concentration is required. A variety of other methods for determination of both ZnPP and PPIX have been developed [3,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29] but, for the most part, have proven too technically demanding or cumbersome for general adoption. For measurement of ZnPP alone, a portable front-face fluorometer, the hematofluorometer [30], designed for easy use, was introduced over three decades ago and remains commercially available (AVIV Hematofluorometer, Model 206D, Aviv Biomedical, Inc., Lakewood, NJ, USA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dual‐wavelength excitation for fluorescence‐based quantification of zinc protoporphyrin IX and protoporphyrin IX in whole blood

Hennig

Gruber

Vogeser

et al. 2013

Journal of Biophotonics

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Journal of BIOPHOTONICSQuantification of erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) and protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), individually or jointly, is useful for the diagnostic evaluation of iron deficiency, iron-restricted erythropoiesis, lead exposure, and porphyrias. A method for simultaneous quantification of ZnPP and PPIX in unwashed blood samples is described, using dual-wavelength excitation to effectively eliminate background fluorescence from other blood constituents. In blood samples from 35 subjects, the results of the dualwavelength excitation method and a reference high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay were closely correlated both for ZnPP (r s ¼ 0.943, p < 0.0001; range 37-689 mmol ZnPP/mol heme, 84-1238 nmol/L) and for PPIX (r s ¼ 0.959, p < 0.0001; range 42-4212 mmol PPIX/mol heme, 93-5394 nmol/L). In addition, for ZnPP, the proposed method is compared with conventional single-wavelength excitation and with commercial front-face fluorimetry of washed erythrocytes and whole blood. We hypothesize that dual-wavelength excitation fluorimetry will provide a new approach to the suppression of background fluorescence in blood and tissue measurements of ZnPP and PPIX.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dual‐wavelength excitation for fluorescence‐based quantification of zinc protoporphyrin IX and protoporphyrin IX in whole blood

Hennig

Gruber

Vogeser

et al. 2013

Journal of Biophotonics

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Determination of Porphyrins in Physiological Samples

1990

Journal of Liquid Chromatography

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There has been voluminous literature on the separation and analysis of different porphyrins, such as metalloporphyrins, biological , geological porphyrins and the porphyrin derivatives. The determination of these porphyrins is useful and significant in diagnosis of diseases , the study of deposition of sediments and the geology of environment. The present review reports the recent developments in the determination of porphyrins in physiological specimens by liquid chromatography.

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