Simultaneous Assay of Fecal Short-Chain Fatty and Bile Acids and Ratio of Total Bile Acids to Butyrate in Colon Cancer

Abstract

We simultaneously quantified fecal bile acids (BAs) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) florescence labeled with 9chloromethylanthracene using high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence (HPLC-FL) and developed an inexpensive and highly accurate method for determining the ratio of BAs and SCFAs in colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls. Samples were extracted with hexane/ether, and extractants were measured using HPLC-FL. The healthy subject group included 17 men and 21 women, whereas the colorectal cancer group included patients with cancer in the rectum (3 men, 2 women), sigmoid colon (3 men, 2 women), and ascending colon (2 men, 3 women). The contribution rate of determination for calibration curves was >0.99, and the additional recovery rate was 67.2%-107% for the simultaneous quantification of fecal BAs and SCFAs using HPLC-FL. Intra-day and inter-day variations in the control feces ranged 2.4%-5.1% and 3.1%-9.2%, respectively. The proportion of primary BAs to total BAs was higher in the colorectal cancer group (87.3%) than in the healthy subject group (67.9%). A significant difference was observed in the ratio of BAs to butyric acid between healthy subject and colorectal cancer groups. BA levels were higher in the colorectal cancer group. Thus, the ratio of total BAs to butyric acid may be a better predictor of colon cancer than BAs or SCFAs alone.

Appropriate exercise level attenuates gut dysbiosis and valeric acid increase to improve neuroplasticity and cognitive function after surgery in mice

“…The amount of valeric acid in the cerebral cortex harvested 24 h after the last intraperitoneal injection of valeric acid was determined by a method similar to that reported before [ 51 , 52 ]. Briefly, 0.1 g cerebral cortex was homogenized in 500 µl aqueous acetonitrile.…”

Short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the incidence and risk-stratification of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…2020; E. M. Song et al . 2018; Torii, Kanemitsu and Hagiwara 2019; Yusuf, Adewiah and Fatchiyah 2018) are presented in Figure 2 . In the risk category ( Figure 2A and B ), two studies (Bridges et al .…”

“…In addition to the SCFAs assessed in this systematic review, other metabolites such as bile acids were also measured in six of the selected studies (C. Y. Chen et al 2021;Katsidzira et al 2019;Ocvirk et al 2020;Ou et al 2012;Torii, Kanemitsu and Hagiwara 2019;Weir et al 2013). Among the bile acids investigated, a significantly higher fecal concentration of deoxycholic acid in the CRC high-versus low-risk group was reported in three studies (Katsidzira et al 2019;Ocvirk et al 2020;Ou et al 2012).…”

“…M. Chen et al 2013;Kashtan et al 1992;Niccolai et al 2019;Ocvirk et al 2020;E. M. Song et al 2018;Torii, Kanemitsu and Hagiwara 2019;Yusuf, Adewiah and Fatchiyah 2018) are presented in Chen et al 2021) were excluded from the meta-analysis due to the lack of sufficient details of the methods used for SCFA measurement from stool samples. In CRC risk meta-analysis, the effect size of each of the three SCFAs was not statistically significant, however, their combined effect size was significantly higher in low-risk compared to high-risk CRC (SMD = 2.02, 95% CI 0.31 to 3.74, P = 0.02, Figure 2A).…”

“…Several studies have assessed fecal SCFA concentration in patients with colorectal carcinoma or adenoma (Boutron-Ruault et al 2005;Bridges et al 2018;C. Y. Chen et al 2021; H. M. Chen et al 2013;Kashtan et al 1992;Lin et al 2016;Lin et al 2019;Monleon et al 2009;Niccolai et al 2019;Ohigashi et al 2013; E. M. Song et al 2018;Sze et al 2019;Torii, Kanemitsu and Hagiwara 2019;Wang et al 2017;Weaver et al 1988;Weir et al 2013;Yusuf, Adewiah and Fatchiyah 2018). However, due to variable results, the conclusive evaluation of SCFA profiles from CRC patients versus healthy subjects is lacking.…”