Simultaneous assay for amatoxins and phallotoxins in Amanita phalloides Fr. by high-performance liquid chromatography

Enjalbert, F.; Gallion, C.; Jehl, F.; Monteil, H.; Faulstich, Heinz

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(92)85052-u

Cited by 66 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Mushrooms were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde within 2 to 4 h of collection. All the mushrooms used in this study were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) to confirm the presence of amanitins (7,11). Amanitin concentrations varied from mushroom to mushroom, and samples with higher concentrations were chosen for the immunohistochemical analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colocalization of Amanitin and a Candidate Toxin-Processing Prolyl Oligopeptidase in Amanita Basidiocarps

et al. 2010

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colocalization of Amanitin and a Candidate Toxin-Processing Prolyl Oligopeptidase in Amanita Basidiocarps

et al. 2010

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“…Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was used to quantitate the amount of ~-amanitin (Enjalbert et al, 1992) present in larvae grown on ~-amanitin-containing food. Approximately 10 mg of larvae was extracted overnight at 4°C in 200-400 ~L1 of methanol:water:HC1 (0.01 N) at a mixture of 5:4:1 (v/v/v).…”

Section: High-performance Liquid Chromatography (Hplc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional competition and homeosis inDrosophila

1996

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Interference between different classes of RNA polymerase II alleles causes a mutant phenotype called the "Ubx effect" that resembles one seen in flies haploinsufficient for the transcription factor, Ultrabithorax (Ubx). Flies carrying the mutation in the largest subunit of Drosophila RNA polymerase II, RpII215(4), display the Ubx effect when heterozygous as in RpII215(4)/+ but not when homozygous mutant or wild type. In this report we demonstrate that the interaction between alleles in different classes of polymerase occurs even in the absence of transcription by the wild-type polymerase. We utilized the resistance to the transcriptional inhibitor alpha-amanitin conferred by RpII215(4) to show that RpII215(4)/+ flies raised on alpha-amanitin-containing food still show the Ubx effect and are indistinguishable from flies raised on normal food. We demonstrate using HPLC that the intracellular concentration of alpha-amanitin in the developing larvae is sufficient to inhibit transcription by alpha-amanitin-sensitive polymerase. Furthermore, fluorescein-labeled alpha-amanitin accumulates in imaginal discs, which are the precursor cells for the tissue showing the homeotic transformation in adults. We conclude that the interaction between different classes of RNA polymerase II alleles resulting in the Ubx effect occurs prior to the block in transcription caused by alpha-amanitin.

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“…All fungi analyzed for the presence of AMA1 and PHA1 (Fig. 5) were analyzed for amatoxins and phallotoxins by established HPLC methods (32,38). Standards of ␣-amanitin, ␤-amanitin, phalloidin, and phallacidin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene family encoding the major toxins of lethal Amanita mushrooms

Hallen

Luo

Scott-Craig

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

197

246

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Amatoxins, the lethal constituents of poisonous mushrooms in the genus Amanita, are bicyclic octapeptides. Two genes in A. bisporigera, AMA1 and PHA1, directly encode ␣-amanitin, an amatoxin, and the related bicyclic heptapeptide phallacidin, a phallotoxin, indicating that these compounds are synthesized on ribosomes and not by nonribosomal peptide synthetases. ␣-Amanitin and phallacidin are synthesized as proproteins of 35 and 34 amino acids, respectively, from which they are predicted to be cleaved by a prolyl oligopeptidase. AMA1 and PHA1 are present in other toxic species of Amanita section Phalloidae but are absent from nontoxic species in other sections. The genomes of A. bisporigera and A. phalloides contain multiple sequences related to AMA1 and PHA1. The predicted protein products of this family of genes are characterized by a hypervariable ''toxin'' region capable of encoding a wide variety of peptides of 7-10 amino acids flanked by conserved sequences. Our results suggest that these fungi have a broad capacity to synthesize cyclic peptides on ribosomes.amanitin ͉ cyclic peptide ͉ phalloidin ͉ phallotoxin ͉ amatoxin

show abstract

Simultaneous assay for amatoxins and phallotoxins in Amanita phalloides Fr. by high-performance liquid chromatography

Cited by 66 publications

References 27 publications

Colocalization of Amanitin and a Candidate Toxin-Processing Prolyl Oligopeptidase in Amanita Basidiocarps

Colocalization of Amanitin and a Candidate Toxin-Processing Prolyl Oligopeptidase in Amanita Basidiocarps

Transcriptional competition and homeosis inDrosophila

Gene family encoding the major toxins of lethal Amanita mushrooms

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