Simultaneous analysis of herbicides pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen, imazethapyr and quizalofop-p-ethyl by LC–MS/MS and safety evaluation of their harvest time residues in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Abstract

This paper reports a simple and rapid method for simultaneous determination of the residues of selected herbicides viz. pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen, imazethapyr and quizalofop-p-ethyl in peanut by liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A modified approach of the QuEChERS methodology was used to extract the herbicides from the peanut kernel without any clean-up. The method showed excellent linearity (r 2 >0.99) with no significant matrix effect. Accuracy of the method in terms of average recoveries of all the four herbicides ranged between 69.4 -94.4 % at spiking levels of 0.05, 0.10 and 0.25 mg kg −1 with intra-day and inter-day precision RSD (%) between 2.6-16.6 and 8.0-11.3, respectively. Limit of quantification (LOQs) was 5.0 μg kg −1 for pendimethalin, imazethapyr and quizalofop-p-ethyl and 10.0 μg kg −1 for oxyfluorfen. The expanded uncertainties were <11 % for determination of these herbicides in peanut. The proposed method was successfully applied for analysis of these herbicide residues in peanut samples harvested from the experimental field and the residues were below the detection level.

Weed Control, Growth, Nodulation, Quality and Storability of Peas as Affected by Pre- and Postemergence Herbicides

“…Kaur and Bhullar [72] pointed out that the residue level of pendimethalin analyzed by HPLC in mature peas was below the limit of quantification, which was 0.05 mg•kg −1 . In the studies of Saha et al [73], no pendimethalin residues were detected in peanut kernel at harvest time, which supports our results. Pendimethalin was not detected in analyzed sweet potato tubers [74].…”

Determination of some herbicide residues in sweet potato

“…It is evident that the residues detected in this study are lower and this therefore signifies that the risk associated with the dietary exposure of these herbicides in sweet potatoes is considered safe to humans and may not pose no adverse health effects as far as food safety is concerned. Saha et al (2015) also cultivated peanut samples (Arachis hypogaea L.) in experimental fields and reported that at harvest time, no herbicide residues were detected in peanut kernel for pendimethalin and imazethapyr after treatments. This therefore indicated that the residue levels of the selected herbicides were below the maximum residue limits prescribed by European Union as well as other international organizations.…”

Weed Management in Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.) and Residual Effect of Herbicides on Succeeding Mustard (Brasica juncea L.) Crop

“…This indicates the judicious use of imazethapyr by farmers in soybean fields. Saha et al, (2015) reported that limit of quantification (LOQs) was 5.0 μg/kg for pendimethalin, imazethapyr and quizalofop-pethyl and 10.0 μg/kg for oxyfluorfen. The expanded uncertainties were <11 % for determination of these herbicides in peanut, the residues were below the detection level.…”