Simulium spp., Vectors of Onchocerca volvulus: Life Cycle and Control

Naranjo, Steven E.; Habeck, Dale; Asaro, Christopher; Boevé, Jean‐Luc; Baumgärtner, Johann; Schneider, David C.; Lambdin, Paris; Cave, Ronald D.; Ratcliffe, Brett C.; Scherer, Clay W.; Frank, J. Howard; Dunford, James C.; Somma, Louis A.; Richman, David B.; Krafsur, E. S.; Crooker, Allen; Menalled, Fabián D.; Liebman, Matt; Teal, Peter E. A.; Lloyd, James E.; Sivinski, John; Cranshaw, Whitney; Adler, Peter H.; Tsai, James H.; Zaspel, Jennifer M.; Liburd, Oscar E.; Sarzynski, Erin M.; Ellis, Jamie; Ellis, Amanda; Headings, Mark; Scotti, Paul D.; Christian, Peter D.; Stange, Lionel; Baldwin, Rebecca W.; Meer, Robert Κ. Vander; Preston, Catherine A.; Otis, Gard W.; Noling, Joseph W.; Bouicas, Drion G.; Sanborn, Allen; Ragsdale, David W.; Rossi, Anthony; Branham, Marc; Sourakov, Andrei; Amalin, Divina; Cushing, Paula E.; Clercq, Patrick De; Peck, Daniel C.; Thompson, Vinton; Bowles, David E.; Nealis, Vincent G.; Cilek, James E.; Klassen, Waldemar; Tilgner, Erich; Costas, Miguel; Vázquez, Ángeles; Panizzi, Antônio R.; Rey, Jorge R.; Kondratieff, Boris C.; Haunerland, Norbert H.; Hahn, Daniel A.; Lord, Jeffrey C.; Kathirithamby, Jeyaraney; Showler, Allan T.; Scheffrahn, Rufolf H.; Meagher, Robert L.; Gallo, Maria; Hunter, Fiona F.; Heppner, John B.; Gerling, Dan; Jolivet, Pierre; Capinera, John L.; Moriya, Seiichi; Hoy, Marjorie A.; Hou, Roger F.; Lawrence, Pauline O.; Burden, Beverly; Zhu, Kun Yan; Hangay, George

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_4208

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“…Therefore, the common practice is to attack the larval developmental stage of the blackflies, as the latter are clustered in well-defined breeding sites. Killing larvae should result in fewer blackflies in the next generation, while the current generation of adult vectors would be expected to die within four weeks [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Perceptions of Blackfly Nuisance and Acceptability of the “Slash and Clear” Vector Control Approach in the Ntui Health District of Cameroon: A Qualitative Study

Siewe Fodjo,

Ekome,

Njamnshi

et al. 2024

IJERPH

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Besides being vectors of the onchocerciasis parasite, blackflies are a source of nuisance in onchocerciasis-endemic communities. We investigated the experience of residents in the Ntui Health District (Cameroon) regarding blackfly nuisance and assessed their perceptions of a novel “Slash and Clear” (S&C) intervention for blackfly control. Focus group discussions were conducted before and after S&C implementation (respectively, in February 2022 and December 2023). Blackflies were known to emerge from the river areas and cause disease. To prevent blackfly bites, the population often covered their body with protective clothing and applied various substances (kerosene, oil, or lemon) to their skin. Post-intervention data showed reduced blackfly nuisance, and the willingness to sustain blackfly control in the long-term was unanimous among community leaders and members, including the village volunteers who implemented the S&C intervention. In conclusion, blackfly nuisance is evident in the Ntui onchocerciasis focus of Cameroon and led to a panoply of coping practices, some of which could be detrimental to their health. Implementing S&C for blackfly control is well accepted and could sustainably alleviate the nuisance caused by blackflies while simultaneously breaking the onchocerciasis transmission cycle.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%