Simulator Sickness: The Problem Remains

Zaychik, Kirill B.; Cardullo, Frank M.

doi:10.2514/6.2003-5526

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The taxonomy of simulator sickness is more complex than that of motion sickness and includes symptoms typical of motion sickness, asthenopia (eyestrain), ataxia/vertigo (ataxia describes a lack of coordination while performing movements) (20). Apart from the feeling of general discomfort, the simulator's environment may cause such symptoms as fatigue, headaches, eyestrain, difficulty focusing, increased salivation, sweating, nausea, difficulty concentrating, head fullness, blurred vision (visual flashbacks), dizziness, vertigo, stomach awareness and burping (8,17,21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural Control and Psychophysical State Following of Flight Simulator Session in Novice Pilots

Polak

Ślugaj

Gardzińska

2022

Front. Public Health

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Flight simulators can cause side effects usually called simulator sickness. Scientific research proves that postural instability can be an indicator of the occurrence of simulator sickness symptoms. This study aims to assess changes of postural control and psychophysical state in novice pilots following 2-h exposure to simulator conditions. The postural sway was quantified based on variables describing the displacement of the Center of Pressure (COP) generated in a quiet stance with eyes open (EO) and closed (EC). The psychophysical state was assessed using the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ). The research was carried out in a group of 24 novice pilots who performed procedural and emergency flight exercises in the simulator at Instrument Meteorological Conditions. Each subject was examined twice: immediately before the simulator session (pre-exposure test), and just after the session (post-exposure test). The differences in postural stability between pre- and post-exposure to simulator conditions were assessed based on the normalized Romberg quotients, calculated for individual variables. The lower median values of all Romberg quotients confirmed the decreasing difference between the measures with eyes open and with eyes closed in the post-exposure tests. After the flight simulator session in both measurements (EO and EC) the values of the length of sway path (SP), the mean amplitude (MA), the sway area (SA) have changed. The visual contribution to postural sway control was reduced. The median values for all SSQ scores (total, nausea, oculomotor, and disorientation scales) were significantly higher in post-exposure tests. The largest increase was noted in the oculomotor SSQ scores (from 7.6 ± 7.6 to 37.9 ± 26.5). Over 50% of pilots participating in this study expressed symptoms typical of simulator sickness connected with visual induction: fatigue, eyestrain, difficulty focusing and difficulty concentrating. The severity of oculomotor and disorientation symptoms were rated as moderate (total SSQ score of more than 25 and <60). This study concludes that changes noted in the postural control and psychophysical state of the studied pilots after exposure to the flight simulator confirm the occurrence of the simulator sickness symptoms. Although, we did not find significant correlation of postural stability with SSQ scores.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural Control and Psychophysical State Following of Flight Simulator Session in Novice Pilots

Polak

Ślugaj

Gardzińska

2022

Front. Public Health

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“…Scientific literature has put forward numerous theories of simulator sickness, with the sensory conflict (SC) theory and the postural instability (PI) theory as the prominent ones (Johnson, 2005;Mollenhauer, 2004;Zaychik & Cardullo, 2003). However, these existing theories are not without weaknesses.…”

Section: Simulator Sicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing simulation-based driver training

Winter

Groot

Dankelman

et al. 2008

Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction With Mobile Devices and Services

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“…Some studies indicate that the HMD systems provoke the SS more often than other methods of visualization [33]. The main reason for the SS while using HMD is inconsistency between the display and the head movement a [34] in presentation of visual information (images). Delays between images presentation and the platform motion also increase the SS appearance.…”

Section: Visualization and Projection Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical factors influencing simulator sickness

Kopyt¹,

Narkiewicz²

2013

ZN PRz Mechanika

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Recently, simulators find application not only in the aeronautics, but also in other fields of technology, like robotics, marine etc. Computer-based trainings are offered almost with every modern technology product placed in the market. In the paper the application of simulators to train pilots of mobile platforms (like aircraft, cars, sea-vessels) is considered. The simulator sickness appears due to difficulties in simulating the motion and environment "properly" in the simulator. Similar symptoms, called a virtual reality sickness may be observed within the community of computer game players. The main reason for occurrence of the simulator sickness is that external stimuli (motion and/or vision) give misleading information to a human brain. The aim of this research was to find the relation between the architecture and the technical parameters of different types of simulators and occurrence of the simulator sickness. The focus of this study is the architecture of the simulator and its technical parameters that may influence unfavorable operator reactions during training, such as moving platform, screen size, simulated models, graphics quality, etc. The paper is based on a wide literature review, and it is an introduction to the future experimental research.

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Simulator Sickness: The Problem Remains

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Postural Control and Psychophysical State Following of Flight Simulator Session in Novice Pilots

Postural Control and Psychophysical State Following of Flight Simulator Session in Novice Pilots

Advancing simulation-based driver training

Technical factors influencing simulator sickness

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