Simulator sickness during driving simulation studies

Brooks, Johnell O.; Goodenough, Richard R.; Crisler, Matthew C.; Klein, Nathan; Alley, Rebecca L.; Koon, Beatrice L.; Logan, William C.; Ogle, Jennifer; Tyrrell, Richard A.; Wills, Rebekkah F.

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2009.04.013

Cited by 318 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This issue also persists for other questionnaires measuring simulator sickness. Nevertheless, control for possible simulator sickness should be mandatory, for it might confound the data [26,30]. With regard to our data, another issue arises.…”

Section: Lane Keeping Behaviormentioning

confidence: 86%

Further development of a commercial driving simulation for research in occupational medicine

Muttray¹,

Breitinger²,

Goetze³

et al. 2013

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to refine a commercial car driving simulation for occupational research. As the effects of ethanol on driving behavior are well established, we choose alcohol as a test compound to investigate the performance of subjects during simulation. Materials and Methods: We programmed a night driving scenario consisting of monotonous highway and a rural road on a Foerst F10-P driving simulator. Twenty healthy men, 19-30 years, participated in a pilot study. Subjects were screened for simulator sickness, followed by training on the simulator one hour in total. Experiments were performed in the morning on a separate day. Participants were randomized into either an alcoholized or a control group. All subjects drove two courses consisting of highway and rural road and were sober for the first course. During a 1 h break the ethanol group drank an alcoholic beverage to yield 0.06% blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze the influence of alcohol on driving performance. Among others, independent variables were Simulator Sickness Questionnaire scores and subjective sleepiness. Results: Subjects did not experience simulator sickness during the experiments. Mean BAC before the second test drive was 0.065% in the mildly intoxicated group. There was no clear-cut difference in the number of crashes between 2 groups. BAC of 0.1% would deteriorate mean braking reaction time by 237 ms (SE = 112, p < 0.05). Ethanol slightly impaired the tracking in the righthand curves (p = 0.058). Braking reaction time improved by 86 ms (SE = 36, p < 0.05) for the second test drive, indicating a learning effect. Conclusions: In sum, a clear ethanol effect was observed in the driving simulation. This simulation seems suitable for occupational research and produces little simulator sickness. Controlling for possible learning effects is recommended in driving simulation studies.

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Section: Lane Keeping Behaviormentioning

confidence: 86%

Further development of a commercial driving simulation for research in occupational medicine

Muttray¹,

Breitinger²,

Goetze³

et al. 2013

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…2 Simulation sickness is described as nausea, sweating or dizziness persisting during a driving session. There is different data on frequency of occurrence ranging from 9 % to 37 % depending on age as it occurs more likely in the elderly 8,9,10 . Thorough preparation with practice drives long enough for each individual for proper adjustment reduce the chance of simulation sickness.…”

Section: Representative Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects

Hamel

Kraft

Ohl

et al. 2012

JoVE

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Patients suffering from homonymous hemianopia after infarction of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) report different degrees of constraint in daily life, despite similar visual deficits. We assume this could be due to variable development of compensatory strategies such as altered visual scanning behavior. Scanning compensatory therapy (SCT) is studied as part of the visual training after infarction next to vision restoration therapy. SCT consists of learning to make larger eye movements into the blind field enlarging the visual field of search, which has been proven to be the most useful strategy 1 , not only in natural search tasks but also in mastering daily life activities 2 . Nevertheless, in clinical routine it is difficult to identify individual levels and training effects of compensatory behavior, since it requires measurement of eye movements in a head unrestrained condition. Studies demonstrated that unrestrained head movements alter the visual exploratory behavior compared to a headrestrained laboratory condition 3 . Martin et al. 4 and Hayhoe et al. 5 showed that behavior demonstrated in a laboratory setting cannot be assigned easily to a natural condition. Hence, our goal was to develop a study set-up which uncovers different compensatory oculomotor strategies quickly in a realistic testing situation: Patients are tested in the clinical environment in a driving simulator. SILAB software (Wuerzburg Institute for Traffic Sciences GmbH (WIVW)) was used to program driving scenarios of varying complexity and recording the driver's performance. The software was combined with a head mounted infrared video pupil tracker, recording head-and eye-movements (EyeSeeCam, University of Munich Hospital, Clinical Neurosciences).The positioning of the patient in the driving simulator and the positioning, adjustment and calibration of the camera is demonstrated. Typical performances of a patient with and without compensatory strategy and a healthy control are illustrated in this pilot study. Different oculomotor behaviors (frequency and amplitude of eye-and head-movements) are evaluated very quickly during the drive itself by dynamic overlay pictures indicating where the subjects gaze is located on the screen, and by analyzing the data. Compensatory gaze behavior in a patient leads to a driving performance comparable to a healthy control, while the performance of a patient without compensatory behavior is significantly worse. The data of eye-and head-movement-behavior as well as driving performance are discussed with respect to different oculomotor strategies and in a broader context with respect to possible training effects throughout the testing session and implications on rehabilitation potential.

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“…Children under 12 are traditionally considered most susceptible to motion sickness [14], although this research pre-dates mainstream exposure to videogames. Adults over 50 have been shown to be more susceptible to cybersickness [15] and women are more susceptible than men [16]. Previous exposure also affects symptoms as habituation has been shown to occur over time [17], as does prior exposure to videogames more generally [4].…”

Section: Motion Sicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid, Continuous Movement Between Nodes as an Accessible Virtual Reality Locomotion Technique

Habgood

Moore

Wilson

et al. 2018

2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)

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The confounding effect of player locomotion on the vestibuloocular reflex is one of the principal causes of motion sickness in immersive virtual reality. Continuous motion is particularly problematic for stationary user configurations, and teleportation has become the prevailing approach for providing accessible locomotion. Unfortunately, teleportation can also increase disorientation and reduce a player's sense of presence within a VR environment. This paper presents an alternative locomotion technique designed to preserve accessibility while maintaining feelings of presence. This is a node-based navigation system which allows the player to move between predefined node positions using a rapid, continuous, linear motion. An evaluation was undertaken to compare this locomotion technique with commonly used, teleportation-based and continuous walking approaches. Thirty-six participants took part in a study which examined motion sickness and presence for each technique, while navigating around a virtual house using PlayStation VR. Contrary to intuition, we show that rapid movement speeds reduce players' feelings of motion sickness as compared to continuous movement at normal walking speeds.

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Simulator sickness during driving simulation studies

Cited by 318 publications

References 22 publications

Further development of a commercial driving simulation for research in occupational medicine

Further development of a commercial driving simulation for research in occupational medicine

Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects

Rapid, Continuous Movement Between Nodes as an Accessible Virtual Reality Locomotion Technique

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