“…The dynamic behaviors of multiple bubbles beneath a free surface are of great importance in various natural process and engineering applications, including underwater explosion near a free surface (Brett and Krelle, 2018;Cui et al, 2016b;Li et al, 2018a;Wang et al, 2018a), airgun clusters for seabed exploration (Cox et al, 2004;de Graaf et al, 2014), cavitation (Long et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2018b), laser-induced forward transfer (Turkoz et al, 2018a;Turkoz et al, 2018b), bubble damage on tissue and cells (Chen et al, 2009;Curtiss et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2018) and bubble drag reduction (Verschoof et al, 2016).…”