“…Subsequently, the Multi-resolution Emission Inventory (MEIC, http://meicmodel.org.cn) covered mainland China (Li et al, 2017;Zheng et al, 2018). Previous studies indicated that bottom-up emission inventories may underestimate NH3 emissions in northern China by approximately 40% (Zhang et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2018;Kong et al, 2019;Ruan et al, 2022). Hence, NH3 emissions for the North China Pain region were multiplied by a factor of 1.4.…”