Simulation Study on Electric Turbo-Compound (ETC) for Thermal Energy Recovery in Turbocharged Internal Combustion Engine

Noor, Alias Mohd; Puteh, Rosnizam Che; Rajoo, Srithar; Basheer, Uday M.; Sah, Muhammad Hanafi; Salleh, Sheikh Hussain Shaikh

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.895

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Simulation demonstrates that application of electric turbo compound can be more profitable in comparison with turbo charging system [1]. In addition, application of turbogenerators with the power from 4.6 kWto 9.3 kW in internal combustion engine (ICE) installed in a vehicle reduces fuel consumption from 1.33% to 2.76%, respectively [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Turbogenerator, Designing and Layout Development

Khripach¹,

Tjprc²

2019

IJMPERD

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This article discusses the development of turbogenerator model intended for energy units of small scale and distributed power generation. Turbogenerator model should be developed on the basis of computational fluid dynamics, which permits to adjust model design and to determine variables of the cooling system which provides required temperature mode during operation of electric machine. Test results of two variants of turbogenerator model are presented which were analyzed from the point of view of reasonability (operability) of the adopted technical solutions. Based on the analysis of the two variants of turbogenerator, model optimum variables of the developed design were selected and used for its fabrication. Appropriate conclusions have been made with respect to main trends and properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Turbogenerator, Designing and Layout Development

Khripach¹,

Tjprc²

2019

IJMPERD

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“…The Miller cycle, on the other hand, is meant to provide a compromise between engine efficiency increase and power density depletion; as example, adopting a compression ratio of 14 allows for attaining a theoretical 8% efficiency increase compared to the Otto cycle, with a 25% IMEP reduction. It is also possible to conceive more complex systems that involve turbomachinery, such as turbomechanical and turboelectrical compounding [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], and turbocharging. Concerning turboelectrical compounding, the approach usually followed for the automotive application is to install an electrical generator on the turbocharger shaft with the aim to convert into electric power the part of the mechanical power produced by the turbine that is not employed by the turbocompressor [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also possible to conceive more complex systems that involve turbomachinery, such as turbomechanical and turboelectrical compounding [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], and turbocharging. Concerning turboelectrical compounding, the approach usually followed for the automotive application is to install an electrical generator on the turbocharger shaft with the aim to convert into electric power the part of the mechanical power produced by the turbine that is not employed by the turbocompressor [4][5][6][7][8][9]. In all of these cases, maximum efficiency increments within 6% have been attained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The architecture described is shown in Figure 1, and it is named Separated Electric Compound Engine since the exhaust gas turbine and the compressor are mechanically decoupled, thus letting their operating conditions be independent from each other. Different from the turbomechanical and turboelectrical compound systems already described in the scientific literature [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], in the system here proposed the two thermal machines (compressor and turbine) are not connected together, thus ensuring the possibility to control and optimize their operating conditions independently. It derives that the turbine always operates with the maximum mass flow (no wastegate is involved) with the aim to convert as much energy as possible from the exhaust gas, while the compressor is driven only if supercharging is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid Propulsion Efficiency Increment through Exhaust Energy Recovery—Part 1: Radial Turbine Modelling and Design

et al. 2023

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The efficiency of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) may be substantially increased if the energy of the exhaust gases, which do not complete the expansion inside the cylinder of the internal combustion engine, is efficiently recovered by means of a properly designed turbogenerator and employed for vehicle propulsion; previous studies, carried out by the same authors of this work, showed a potential hybrid vehicle fuel efficiency increment up to 15% by employing a 20 kW turbine on a 100 HP rated power thermal unit. The innovative thermal unit here proposed is composed of a supercharged engine endowed with a properly designed turbogenerator, which comprises two fundamental elements: an exhaust gas turbine expressly designed and optimized for the application, and a suitable electric generator necessary to convert the recovered energy into electric energy, which can be stored in the on-board energy storage system of the vehicle. In these two parts, the realistic efficiency of the innovative thermal unit for hybrid vehicle is evaluated and compared to a traditional turbocharged engine. In Part 1, the authors present a model for the prediction of the efficiency of a dedicated radial turbine, based on a simple but effective mean-line approach; the same paper also reports a design algorithm, which, owing to some assumptions and approximations, allows a fast determination of the proper turbine geometry for a given design operating condition. It is worth pointing out that, being optimized for quasi-steady power production, the exhaust gas turbine considered is quite different from the ones commonly employed for turbocharging application; for this reason, and in consideration of the required power size, such a turbine is not available on the market, nor has its development been previously carried out in the scientific literature. In the Part 2 paper, a radial turbine geometry is defined for the thermal unit previously calculated, employing the design algorithm described in Part 1; the realistic energetic advantage that could be achieved by the implementation of the turbogenerator on a hybrid propulsion system is evaluated through the performance prediction model under the different operating conditions of the thermal unit. As an overall result, it was estimated that, compared to a reference traditional turbocharged engine, the turbocompound system could gain vehicle efficiency improvement between 3.1% and 17.9%, depending on the output power level, while an average efficiency increment of 10.9% was determined for the whole operating range.

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“…Results generally show that overall engine efficiency cannot be increased more 6%. In other cases, an auxiliary turbo-generator was installed downstream of the first turbine [8] [9], reaching a maximum fuel economy improvement of 4%. A different version has also been proposed [10] [11], with an auxiliary turbo-generator installed in parallel to the turbine of the turbocharger.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of a Separated Electric Compound Spark-Ignition Engine for Hybrid Vehicle Application

Pipitone

Caltabellotta

2022

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

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In-cylinder expansion of internal combustion engines based on Diesel or Otto cycles cannot be completely brought down to ambient pressure, causing a 20% theoretical energy loss. Several systems have been implemented to recover and use this energy such as turbocharging, turbo-mechanical and turbo-electrical compounding, or the implementation of Miller Cycles. In all these cases however, the amount of energy recovered is limited allowing the engine to reach an overall efficiency incremental improvement between 4% and 9%. Implementing an adequately designed expander-generator unit could efficiently recover the unexpanded exhaust gas energy and improve efficiency. In this work, the application of the expander-generator unit to a hybrid propulsion vehicle is considered, where the onboard energy storage receives power produced by an expander-generator, which could hence be employed for vehicle propulsion through an electric drivetrain. Starting from these considerations, a simple but effective modelling approach is used to evaluate the energetic potential of a spark-ignition engine electrically supercharged and equipped with an exhaust gas expander connected to an electric generator. The overall efficiency was compared to a reference turbocharged engine within a hybrid vehicle architecture. It was found that, if adequately recovered, the unexpanded gas energy could reduce engine fuel consumption and related pollutant emissions by 4% to 12%, depending on overall power output.

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Simulation Study on Electric Turbo-Compound (ETC) for Thermal Energy Recovery in Turbocharged Internal Combustion Engine

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Turbogenerator, Designing and Layout Development

Turbogenerator, Designing and Layout Development

Hybrid Propulsion Efficiency Increment through Exhaust Energy Recovery—Part 1: Radial Turbine Modelling and Design

The Potential of a Separated Electric Compound Spark-Ignition Engine for Hybrid Vehicle Application

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