Simulation study of x-ray backscatter imaging of pressure-plate improvised explosive devices

Heuvel, Johan van den; Fiore, F.

doi:10.1117/12.918547

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…A further issue with GPR is that it is not as effective in terms of detection of smaller mines that are in shallow locations because the soil-surface reflection disguises their response [1,24]. The X-ray backscattering approach is based on the notion that soil and mines have different attenuation, which leads to detecting landmines [25] although the x-ray generators that are employed in this approach are huge and heavy and require high amounts of power to achieve sufficient penetration. As such, this does not represent a portable method [26].…”

Section: Land Mine Detection Using Electromagneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

UAV Tomographic Synthetic Aperture Radar for Landmine Detection

Almutiry

2020

Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res.

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The development of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and communication systems contributed to the availability of more applications using UAVs in military and civilians purposes. Anti-personnel landmines deployed by militia groups in conflict zones are a life threat for civilians and need cautious handling while removing. The UAV Tomographic Synthetic Aperture Radar (TSAR) can reconstruct three-dimension images of the investigation domain to prescreen nonmetallic landmines. A nonmetallic landmine cannot be detected using conventional ground penetrating radars when the scattering field is undetected due to the dielectric permittivity. In this paper, imaging the underground for detecting landmine using TSAR is proposed. The TSAR has the capability of prosing the data in discrete mode regardless of the altitude of UAV’s radar. A landmine is always buried less than a feet depth. L-band frequency is used to provide high resolution and to penetrate deep in dry soil. More than one UAVs are used to multistatic scan the investigation space. The geometric diversity of multistatic distribution of the sensors will provide more information about the buried nonmetallic landmines, certain features, and their location. The data collected from the sensors will align with the geolocation data obtained from the UAV’s system for processing. Dynamic flying can be used to predict the electromagnetic response of the scattering field to create a dynamic matching filter using the Green’s function under first-order Born approximation. The occurring air-soil interference has been removed as an unwanted reflection from the ground while keeping the signal coming from underground. Using the Born approximation assumption created an ill-posed linear system solved by the Conjugate Gradient algorithm. Simulation results are presented to validate the method.

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Section: Land Mine Detection Using Electromagneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

UAV Tomographic Synthetic Aperture Radar for Landmine Detection

Almutiry

2020

Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res.

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“…Additionally, because the X-ray generator and detectors are positioned on the same side of the object, the design of compact devices is possible. Given these favorable characteristics, backscatter X-ray security systems have been widely used to detect concealed illicit items in luggage, containers, vehicles, and landmines in military border areas [2][3][4]. We considered, among the available backscatter X-ray systems, a pencil-beam-based device that offers superior beam intensity per image pixel over other methods [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of prototype backscatter X-ray security scanner for luggage inspection

An,

Park,

Lee

et al. 2024

J. Inst.

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In the Republic of Korea, for the purpose of security screening at ports and airports, the present system for inspecting small cargo/luggage relies on transmission X-ray imaging, with which discernment of organic and powder-form materials in images is difficult. Backscatter X-ray imaging techniques, contrastingly, are sensitive to organic materials (i.e., low-Z elements) due to a higher probability of Compton scattering relative to other photon interactions. Such techniques, therefore, have the potential to be used in security screening systems for the detection of organic compounds such as drugs and explosives. In the present study, a prototype backscatter X-ray security scanner for luggage screening was developed, and its performance was evaluated at various tube voltages. It was found that the isolation contrast, which indicates the minimum discernible thickness of a plastic panel when the background material of the image is steel, was approximately 1 mm at the tube voltage of 120 kVp. Moreover, amorphously shaped contraband articles randomly hidden inside the luggage were clearly visible at tube voltages ranging from 80 to 160 kVp. The developed backscatter X-ray security scanner is expected to provide improved detection efficiency for thin objects and/or illicit organic materials compared to a transmission-based X-ray imaging system.

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“…Зворотно розсіяне випромінювання стало основою для побудови моделі томографії трубопроводів з використанням гамма фотонів [9], а також для пошуку органічних речовин та вибухівок [10], [11]. Проте використання рентгенівського випромінювання в системах на зворотно розсіяному випромінюванні слабо вивчене.…”

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Application of Serpent Monte Carlo Code for Modeling of Non-destructive Systems Based on Backscattered X-Rays

Bozhuk

Mikhailov

Trofymenko

2021

Microsyst., Electron. & Acoust.

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Research of objects with unilateral access is a promising area for the development of non-destructive testing systems. To create a real system and determine its optimal parameters, it is important to conduct preliminary computer simulations. The paper is devoted to creating a model of a non-destructive system based on backscattered X-rays in the Serpent Monte Carlo code. There are no known studies of the use of Serpent software to build such models. The purpose of the study was to confirm the possibility of detecting a defect, i.e., a material of a different density than the test object, which was placed in this object. A model was created, the main components of which were the radiation source, the object under study, the defect, and the detector of backscattered radiation. Experiments were performed for several combinations of system parameters, in particular when changing the angle of illumination and the distance between the object and the detector. The energy of the radiation source used in the study was 100 keV. The test object of study was a steel plate, which contained a defect — a lead plate. Calculations were performed for six cases at illumination angles of 30 and 45 degrees (scattering angles of 120 and 135 degrees, respectively), and the distance between the object and the detector 1 and 5 cm. The detector was a plane that coincided with a NaI scintillation plate of 60 by 30 cm in size. It was conventionally divided into 1800 elements to detect the flux density of backscattered radiation. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results met theoretical expectations. In particular, the Compton equation was fulfilled, which states that as the cosine of the scattering angle \theta increases, the energy of scattered radiation also increases. In the case of θ = 1200, the average flux density of backscattered radiation recorded by the detector was 1.1*10-3 units per square centimeter per second, and in the case of θ = 1350, this value was 7.9*10-4. The results of the study can be used to build real non-destructive testing devices. These devices can be used in medicine, industry, and security systems. The model has some limitations. The radiation source in this model is monoenergetic, in contrast to classical X-ray systems, in which the radiation has a spectrum. Also, a defect is a plate of a large area, which is almost equal to the area of the object under study. For practical use, the device must be capable to detect a defect many times smaller than the object under study, such as a void in the weld, a tumor in the human body, or smuggled substances. The model can be improved in the future.

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Simulation study of x-ray backscatter imaging of pressure-plate improvised explosive devices

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

UAV Tomographic Synthetic Aperture Radar for Landmine Detection

UAV Tomographic Synthetic Aperture Radar for Landmine Detection

Development of prototype backscatter X-ray security scanner for luggage inspection

Application of Serpent Monte Carlo Code for Modeling of Non-destructive Systems Based on Backscattered X-Rays

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