Simulation study of VISTA/F-16 maneuverability enhancement using forebody vortex control

McKeehen, Phillip; Cord, Thomas

doi:10.2514/6.1997-3787

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…Because 1110st wheat is conve11ed to wheat flour for human consumption, the milling process is a cmcial point for controlling the concentrations of both DON and NIV. during milling of NOlth American and European wheat cultivars suggested that DON contamination was exclusively restricted to the outer layers of grain: brml and shorts (4,8,9,11,16,17,19). However, little ini0l111ation is available on the retention of DON and NIV in Asian wheat cultivars during milling, mId no internationally validated simultaneous analytical methods for quantification of DON mid NIV in wheat grains and their resulting milling fractions have been described.…”

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Distribution of Deoxynivalenol and Nivalenol in Milling Fractions from Fusarium-Infected Japanese Wheat Cultivars

Thammawong

Okabe

Kawasaki

et al. 2010

Journal of Food Protection

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The fate of the Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and nivalenol during the milling of Japanese wheat cultivars artificially infected with Fusarium was investigated. Grain samples with different mycotoxin concentrations were milled using a laboratory-scale test mill to produce eight fractions: three breaking flours (1B, 2B, and 3B), three reduction flours (1M, 2M, and 3M), wheat bran, and wheat shorts. Patent flour for human consumption was made from the 1B, 2B, 1M, and 2M flours, and low-grade flour was made from 3B and 3M flours. The four resulting samples (patent flour, low-grade flour, bran, and shorts) were analyzed for deoxynivalenol and/or nivalenol with an in-house validated analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV absorbance detection. In samples with different mycotoxin concentrations, the distribution of those toxins differed among the milling fractions. Grains with a lower level of contamination produced bran and shorts samples with a high relative concentration of nivalenol. A high percentage of nivalenol was found in patent flour, followed by bran. Contrary to the less-contaminated sample, the concentration of nivalenol in moderately contaminated grain was high only in the shorts sample. The highest percentage of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol was observed in the patent flour. The results of this study indicate that the distribution of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in milled Japanese wheat could be influenced by the contamination level of the original grain, and the milling process is not always effective for removal of toxins from wheat grains.

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