Simulation studies of modulator for coherent electron cooling

Abstract

Interaction of hadrons with electron beam in a modulator is an important part of coherent electron cooling (CeC), a novel cooling method for hadron beams. Being an untested technique, the CeC is undergoing a proof-of-principle test at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). Simulation of this process for a realistic electron beam propagating through a realistic quadrupole beamline constitutes a very challenging problem. We successfully used the code SPACE for these simulations and obtained accurate dependences of the modulation process on the position and velocity of ions. We obtained good numerical convergence of simulations and performed verification tests using theoretical predications available for a uniform infinite plasma with κ − 2 velocity distribution. In this paper, we describe simulation methods and results, and report our findings for the CeC modulator in the BNL experiment.

Efficient numerical algorithm for multi-level ionization of high-atomic-number gases

“…The algorithm developed in this paper extends a set of atomic physics algorithms previously implemented in SPACE that resolved single-level ionization, electron-ion recombination, and electron attachment to dopants in dense neutral gases. SPACE has been extensively used in a variety of applications in the area of plasma physics and accelerator design, in particular for simulations of coherent electron cooling of relativistic ion beams [16] and the laser-plasma wakefield acceleration [17,18]. The multi-level ionization module is currently being applied to numerical studies of the ionization injection and acceleration of electrons into plasma wakes within the Brookhaven National Laboratory program on CO 2 laser driven plasma wakefield accelerator.…”

Evolution of the self-injection process in the transition of an LWFA from self-modulation to blowout regime

“…SPACE code has been parallelized using hybrid MPI-OpenMP approach and has been shown to scale up-to hundreds of processors for complex three-dimensional laser-plasma interaction problems. SPACE has been used for the simulation of several beam-plasma and laser-plasma experiments at Fermi Lab and Brookhaven National Lab 9,10,[32][33][34] .…”

SPACE: 3D Parallel Solvers for Vlasov-Maxwell and Vlasov-Poisson Equations for Relativistic Plasmas with Atomic Transformations

“…CeC consists of three main components: a modulator, where each ion imprints a density wake on the electron distribution, a free electron laser (FEL) or another electromagnetic device as an amplifier, where the density wakes are amplified, and a kicker, where the amplified wakes interact with ions, resulting in dynamical friction for the ion that leads to cooling of ion beams. Comprehensive numerical studies of the modulator, performed in [11], include various verification tests and their comparison with simplified analytic solutions as well as detailed simulations at conditions of the BNL experiment. Simulations of coherent electron cooling with two types of amplifiers, the free electron laser and plasma cascade amplifier, were performed in [14].…”

“…Since its development, SPACE has been successfully used in several projects in the area of plasma science and particle accelerator science and engineering. These include experiments on high-pressure radio frequency cavity at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory [9,10], coherent electron cooling program at Brookhaven National Laboratory [11], and the laser wakefield acceleration experiments driven by CO 2 laser at the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) of Brookhaven National Laboratory [12,13]. The AP-Cloud module of SPACE has been extensively used for the simulation of coherent electron cooling of relativistic ion beams [11,14].…”