Simulation studies of contracting skeletal muscles during mechanical stretch

Abstract

A form of the sliding filament model is presented to simulate the experimentally observed phenomena when a contracting muscle is subjected to mechanical stretches. It is assumed that the cross bridges can be extended to provide extra tension and that they can be broken if a critical limit of extension IS exceeded. Passive components, including non-linear parallel elasticity are incorporated in the model. Such effects as short-range stiffness, the slip effect and excess tension after mechanical stretch can be simulated. The simulations are compared with our own experimental tests on frog sartorious muscle and with previously reported results from other muscle preparations.

Interaction between pre-landing activities and stiffness regulation of the knee joint musculoskeletal system in the drop jump: implications to performance

“…According to Crowe et al (1980) and McMahon (1984), the knee extension moment generator can be expressed as a four-element linear mechanical muscle-tendon model including a series elastic component (SEC) with a stiffness K 2 , a parallel elastic element (PEC) with a stiffness K 1 , a damper (D) with a viscosity B 1 , and a contractile component (CC) with a pure active tension T 1 (Fig 2). In the present study, the rotational force (moment) was measured and therefore all the variables are expressed as a function of knee joint angle.…”

“…The present study was designed to investigate further the role of the pre-landing motor control of the knee joint musculoskeletal system on the stiffness regulation and performance of a DJ. For this purpose, a simple mechanical muscle model (Crowe et al 1980;McMahon 1984) was applied to the knee joint.…”

“…Mechanical model of the knee joint torque generator, based on the work ofCrowe et al (1980) andMcMahon (1984), and used in this study. (SEC series elastic component, PEC parallel elastic component, D viscous damper, CC contractile component)…”

Performances of Hill-Type and Neural Network Muscle Models—Toward a Myosignal-Based Exoskeleton

“…All physiological parameters were taken from these publications. However, the contractile element (CE) force-velocity formulation and the algorithm for solving the model numerically were a synthesis of Winters' approach and several other references (21)(22)(23). For the benefit of providing a full and comprehensive description of the HB muscle formulation, this section includes all the definitions of the HB model components that were used in the current study.…”

“…2b, followed the approach developed by Crowe et al (23). The method, applied to the elbow joint, implemented the direct modeling approach, where the inputs were defined as the muscle activation level (U ) and the elbow joint angle ( E ) while the output was the muscle moment (M m ).…”