Simulation of thermal analysis applied to the description of the solidification of hypereutectic SG irons

Effect of Antimony and Cerium on the Formation of Chunky Graphite during Solidification of Heavy-Section Castings of Near-Eutectic Spheroidal Graphite Irons

“…The stable eutectic temperature of these alloys is predicted to vary from 1162.7°C to 1163.3°C depending on the composition. [22] The carbon equivalent, C eq , reported in the table was calculated without accounting for the silicon added by the inoculation treatment and could be increased by about 0.04 because of it.…”

“…Also, for all trials, and just before casting the blocks, some metal was poured in two standard TA cups, one of them containing powder of inoculant so as to reach the same level as for the blocks. Composition of the Melt in Carbon, Silicon, Cerium, and Antimony (Weight Percent); Carbon Equivalent (Calculated as C eq = w C + 0.28 w Si [22] ), and Microstructure Characteristics (Text) After casting, the blocks were sectioned and the volume fraction V V affected by CHG was measured from images such as the one in Figure 1 where the zone affected by CHG was generally easily located because of the darker contrast. In order to evaluate V V , two perpendicular central sections of each block were prepared, one with the entire section and the other with half of it.…”

Thermal Analysis of the Formation of Chunky Graphite during Solidification of Heavy-section Spheroidal Graphite Iron Parts

“…Because all alloying elements other than silicon are at very low level, the carbon equivalent of the alloys may be simply written as C eq ϭW C ϩ0.28ϫW Si , where W i designates the weight percent content of element "i" in the alloy. 47) Also, the corresponding stable eutectic temperature T eut may be evaluated as T eut ϭ1154.0ϩ4.244ϫW Si (°C). 47) Values of both C eq and T eut have been added in Table 1.…”

“…47) Also, the corresponding stable eutectic temperature T eut may be evaluated as T eut ϭ1154.0ϩ4.244ϫW Si (°C). 47) Values of both C eq and T eut have been added in Table 1. With eutectic composition assumed at C eq ϭ4.34 wt%, it is seen that the carbon equivalent C eq varies from a slightly hypoeutectic to a slightly hypereutectic composition (4.25 to 4.38 wt%) while the stable eutectic temperature ranges from 1162.7 to 1164.0°C.…”

Experimental and numerical analysis of effect of cooling rate on thermal–microstructural response of spheroidal graphite cast iron solidification

“…It is widely accepted that the growth kinetics of nodular cast iron is primarily controlled by solid state diffusion of carbon through the austenite shell. 6,7 Two models based on either deterministic laws or stochastic procedures describe the growth mechanism and the solidification process of eutectic nodular cast iron: uninodular [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and multinodular [17][18][19][20][21] models. The former considers that spherical graphite nuclei are immediately enveloped by an austenite shell and subsequent growth occurs by carbon diffusion through this envelope.…”