Simulation of the Submarine Landslide Tsunami on 28 September 2018 in Palu Bay, Sulawesi Island, Indonesia, Using a Two-Layer Model

Pakoksung, Kwanchai; Suppasri, Anawat; Imamura, Fumihiko; Cipta, Athanasius; Omang, Amalfi; Muhari, Abdul

doi:10.1007/s00024-019-02235-y

Cited by 61 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The rupture triggered tsunamis within Palu Bay and caused permanent subsidence of approximately 1 m near the bay area of Palu City (Heidarzadeh et al, 2019). Moreover, earthquake shaking induced underwater landslides at several locations around Palu Bay, which caused local tsunamis (Muhari et al, 2018;Pakoksung et al, 2019;Sasa and Takagawa, 2019). The tsunamis washed away numerous houses and destroyed port facilities along the coastal line of Palu Bay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The triggering of damaging tsunami waves by an M w 7.5 strikeslip event is not common because of the relatively small vertical ground deformation due to the fault rupture. Two possible reasons for larger than expected tsunamis are, the concentration of large earthquake slips at shallow depths within Palu Bay and underneath Palu City (United States Geological Survey [USGS], 2018;Ulrich et al, 2019), and the occurrence of underwater landslides (Muhari et al, 2018;Pakoksung et al, 2019;Sasa and Takagawa, 2019). The coincidence of the earthquake with the high tide phase amplified the effect on tsunami inundation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the current literature, there are mixed opinions with regard to the devastating tsunami damage caused by the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake. Several studies indicated that the main cause of the deadly tsunami was submarine landslides within Palu Bay (Muhari et al, 2018;Pakoksung et al, 2019;Sasa and Takagawa, 2019), whereas a detailed geophysical modeling by Ulrich et al (2019) suggested that a large portion of the observed tsunami waves could be explained by the tsunami being induced by the earthquake rupture, implying that the submarine landslides were not the sole source of the tsunami waves. It is difficult to conclude the main causes of the large tsunami because the earthquake source modeling and tsunami simulation carried out by the above-mentioned studies differ significantly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is difficult to conclude the main causes of the large tsunami because the earthquake source modeling and tsunami simulation carried out by the above-mentioned studies differ significantly. For instance, Pakoksung et al (2019) developed landslide-based tsunami sources by ignoring the earthquake rupture effect, whereas Ulrich et al (2019) performed tsunami simulations based on relatively coarse grids (∼190 m) and without accounting for tidal levels at the time of the tsunami. For predicting future tsunami risks, it is important to characterize what portions of the observed tsunamis can be attributed to different mechanisms of inducing tsunami inundation and building damage, such as co-seismic rupture, ground subsidence/uplift, tidal effect, and remaining factors (e.g., submarine landslides).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cascading Geological Hazards and Risks of the 2018 Sulawesi Indonesia Earthquake and Sensitivity Analysis of Tsunami Inundation Simulations

et al. 2019

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Multiple cascading hazards triggered by the 2018 Sulawesi, Indonesia, earthquake caused various compounding consequences. A major strike-slip fault movement with along-dip components resulted in intense ground shaking, liquefaction and lateral spreading, large-scale mudflows, and tsunamis. This paper presents observations of such multi-hazard effects on buildings and infrastructure in areas along Palu Bay, based on field reconnaissance work, and discusses the main causes of the disaster by focusing upon the combined effects of the cascading geological hazards. To evaluate the tsunami risk potential of the strike-slip event, tsunami simulations for the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake are performed by considering different model settings for spatial earthquake slip distribution, rake angle, astronomical tidal effect, and co-seismic ground deformation. The numerical results indicate that the co-seismic rupture of a moment magnitude 7.5 strike-slip earthquake, having notable dip components can generate damaging tsunami waves at coastal locations of Palu Bay. The conclusion has important implications for future tsunami hazard assessments in active seismic regions where major fault systems cut across a bay or into the sea.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cascading Geological Hazards and Risks of the 2018 Sulawesi Indonesia Earthquake and Sensitivity Analysis of Tsunami Inundation Simulations

et al. 2019

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“…Submarine landslide generating tsunami was investigated in Palu Bay during the September 28 th 2018 earthquake (Pakoksung et al, 2019). The landslide took place in the strike-slip Palu-Koro fault zone on Sulawesi Island, Indonesia.…”

Section: Southwest Of Seram Island In Northern Coast Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Submarine Landslides in the Eastern Indonesia Region

Kurnio

Naibaho

Purwanto

2019

BoMG

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his paper reviews submarine landslide potential in the eastern Indonesia by analyzing published and recently acquired bathymetric data and interpreting seismic reflection data. This review aims to study and invent hazards that might affect seafloor infrastructure construction such as optic cables, especially in the eastern Indonesia Region. The hazards were also recognized as source of tsunamis such as Palu Bay 2018 and Babi Island north of Flores Island in 1992. On the other hand, submarine landslide is a common process of basin fill sedimentation in the region. As blessed with many active volcanoes, it has 130 of total the world 400, Indonesia should aware of tsunami induced by volcanoes especially the ones closed to the sea. There are five active volcanoes frequently produce tsunami in historical times: Anak Krakatau, Sunda Strait; Makian, Maluku Province; Sangihe, Sulawesi; Teon and Nila, Banda Sea; and Iliwerung, Lembata Island, east Lesser Sunda Islands.Key words: submarine landslide, volcanic tsunami, seafloor infrastructure, eastern Indonesia Makalah ini menelaah potensi langsoran dasar laut di wilayah Timur Indonesia melalui analisis publikasi dan data batimetri yang baru diambil serta penafsiran data seismic refleksi. Tinjauan longsoran dasar laut dimaksudkan untuk mempelajari dan menginventarisasi bencana yang mungkin bisa mempengaruhi pembangunan infrastruktur dasar laut seperti halnya kabel optic, terutama di wilayah Timur Indonesia. Bencana tersebut telah dikenal sebagai sumber beberapa tsunami seperti Teluk Palu 2018 dan Pulau Babi utara Lombok di tahun 1992. Sebaliknya, longsoran dasar laut merupakan proses sedimentasi pengisian cekungan yang biasa terjadi di wilayah tersebut. Dikarunia akan gunungapi terbanyak di dunia, sebab memiliki 130 dari 400 dunia, Indonesia harus menyadari bahaya tsunami yang ditimbulkan oleh aktivitas gunungapi terutama yang dekat laut. Terdapat lima gunungapi aktif yang sering menghasilkan tsunami dalam sejarah: Anak Krakatau, Selat Sunda; Makian, Provinsi Maluku; Sangihe, Sulawesi; Teon dan Nila, Laut Banda; dan Iliwerung, Pulau Lembata, Nusa Tenggara Timur.Kata kunci: longsoran dasar laut, tsunami gunungapi, infrastruktur dasar laut, Wilayah Indonesia Timur

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Variable passing method for combining 3D MPM–FEM hybrid and 2D shallow water simulations of landslide‐induced tsunamis

Pan,

Nomura,

Ling

et al. 2023

Numerical Methods in Fluids

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With a view to simulating the entire process of a landslide‐triggered tsunami, ranging from tsunami generation to offshore wave propagation, with relatively low computational costs, we present a 2D–3D coupling strategy to bridge 3D MPM–FEM hybrid and 2D shallow water (SW) simulations. Specifically, considering the difference in basis functions between the 3D and 2D analysis methods, we devise a novel variable passing scheme in the domain overlapping method, in which a slightly overlapped domain enables the generated wave to pass through the connection boundaries with as little discrepancy as possible. For the tsunami generation stage in the 3D domain, the hybrid method combining the finite element method (FEM) and material point method (MPM) is adopted. In this method, the 3D governing equation of the solid phase is solved with the MPM, whereas the well‐established 3D stabilized FEM is applied to that of the fluid phase in an Eulerian frame. Additionally, the phase‐field method is employed to track the free surface of the 3D fluid domain. On the other hand, the SW equation that represents the offshore wave motion in the 2D domain is solved by the 2D stabilized FEM. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed scheme in properly passing the data from 3D/2D to 2D/3D domains.

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Simulation of the Submarine Landslide Tsunami on 28 September 2018 in Palu Bay, Sulawesi Island, Indonesia, Using a Two-Layer Model

Cited by 61 publications

References 32 publications

Cascading Geological Hazards and Risks of the 2018 Sulawesi Indonesia Earthquake and Sensitivity Analysis of Tsunami Inundation Simulations

Cascading Geological Hazards and Risks of the 2018 Sulawesi Indonesia Earthquake and Sensitivity Analysis of Tsunami Inundation Simulations

Review of Submarine Landslides in the Eastern Indonesia Region

Variable passing method for combining 3D MPM–FEM hybrid and 2D shallow water simulations of landslide‐induced tsunamis

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