Simulation of the mixed layer at OWS November and Papa with several models

Martin, Paul J.

doi:10.1029/jc090ic01p00903

Cited by 290 publications

(231 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Internal waves were not as pronounced in the model as in observations. The simulated mixed layer was too shallow, as was previously shown by Martin [1985] The horizontal resolution of the model (5 km) was only sufficient for a description of large-scale circulation patterns (which happens to be of the most interest to LMMBS). The point-to-point comparison of mean currents was most successful in the southern basin, which is characterized by a relatively smooth bathymetry.…”

Section: Currentsmentioning

confidence: 93%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Modeling circulation and thermal structure in Lake Michigan: Annual cycle and interannual variability

Beletsky¹,

Schwab²

2001

J. Geophys. Res.

177

159

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Abstract. A three-dimensional primitive equation numerical model was applied to LakeMichigan for the periods 1982-1983 and 1994-1995 to study seasonal and interannual variability of lake-wide circulation and thermal structure in the lake. The model was able to reproduce all of the basic features of the thermal structure in Lake Michigan: spring thermal bar, full stratification, deepening of the thermocline during the fall cooling, and finally, an overturn in the late fall. Large-scale circulation patterns tend to be cyclonic (counterclockwise), with cyclonic circulation within each subbasin. The largest currents and maximum cyclonic vorticity occur in the fall and winter when temperature gradients are low but wind stresses are strongest. The smallest currents and minimum cyclonic vorticity occur in spring and summer when temperature gradients are strong but wind stresses are weakest. All these facts are in agreement with observations. The main shortcoming of the model was that it tended to predict a more diffuse thermocline than was indicated by observations and explained only up to half of the variance observed in horizontal currents at timescales shorter than a day.

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Section: Currentsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…We present some of the more comprehensive current meter records here, while the complete model/observation comparison is given by Schwab and Beletsky [1998]. [Martin, 1985]. In addition, the modeled thermocline is too diffuse.…”

Section: Comparison With Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling circulation and thermal structure in Lake Michigan: Annual cycle and interannual variability

Beletsky¹,

Schwab²

2001

J. Geophys. Res.

177

159

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It also indirectly affects the mixed layer depth (MLD) by altering the vertical turbulent mixing in the upper water column [e.g., Lewis et al, 1990]. The positive buoyancy forcing generated by this subsurface heating is primarily responsible for stabilizing the surface waters [e.g., Martin, 1985], which in turn contributes to the formation of the upper ocean thermocline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of solar subsurface heating in ocean general circulation models

Rochford¹,

Kara²,

Wallcraft³

et al. 2001

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. The importance of subsurface heating on surface mixed layer properties in an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) is examined using attenuation of solar irradiance with depth below the ocean surface. The depth-dependent attenuation of subsurface heating is given by global monthly mean fields for the attenuation of photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), kpAR. These global fields of kpAR are derived from Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) data on the spectral diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm (k490), and have been processed to have the smoothly varying and continuous coverage necessary for use in OGCM applications. These monthly fields provide the first complete global data sets of subsurface optical fields that can be used for OGCM applications of subsurface heating and bio-optical processes. The effect on global OGCM prediction of sea surface temperature ( Recently available ocean color remote sensing data (1997-1998) being acquired with the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) can now be used to estimate surface attenuation rates on global scales. These data collected from the commencement of SeaWiFS operation in September 1997 provide, for the first time, the global spatial variation of the rate of absorption which can be used to quantify the solar influence in OGCM applications. SeaWiFS ocean color data provide information on water leaving radiances at selected wavelengths ], from which the wavelength dependence of the diffuse attenuation coefficient can be constructed for the photosyntheti-30923

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“…Recently, Jones and Monismith (2008) and Carniel et al (2009) suggested suitable choices of β032000 and β056000, respectively. Zhang et al (2011a) obtained β≈4×10 5 through assimilating OWS Papa dataset of Martin (1985) in summer into a 1-D numerical model, in which wave breaking was considered, for estimating β via a variational approach. The value is two times larger than the one suggested by Mellor and Blumberg (2004).…”

Section: Experiments Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summer surface layer thermal response to surface gravity waves in the Yellow Sea

et al. 2012

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The Princeton Ocean Model (POM) with generalized coordinate system (POMgcs) is used to study the summer surface-layer thermal response to surface gravity waves in the Yellow Sea (YS). The parameterization schemes of wave breaking developed by Mellor and Blumberg (J Phys Oceanogr 34: [693][694][695][696][697][698] 2004) and Kantha and Clayson (Ocean Model 6:101-124, 2004), respectively, and Stokes production developed by Kantha and Clayson (Ocean Model 6:101-124, 2004) are both included in the Mellor-Yamada turbulence closure model Mellor and Yamada (Rev Geophys 20:851-875, 1982) of POMgcs. Numerical results show that surface gravity waves impact the depth of surface mixed layer of temperature in the YS in summer. The surface mixed layer in the YS cannot be reproduced well and has a visible difference from the observation if the parameterization schemes are not included. A diagnostic analysis of turbulent kinetic energy suggests that both Stokes production and wave breaking play key roles in enhancing the turbulent mixing near the sea surface in the YS. Stokes production seems to have a greater impact throughout the upper mixed layer in the YS in summer than that of wave breaking. In addition, a diagnostic analysis of the momentum balance shows that Coriolis-Stokes forcing has a significant effect on the momentum budget in the upper layer in the YS, and surface gravity waves are able to reduce the velocity of mean flow near the surface and make the mean flow near the surface more homogeneous vertically in the YS.

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Simulation of the mixed layer at OWS November and Papa with several models

Cited by 290 publications

References 35 publications

Modeling circulation and thermal structure in Lake Michigan: Annual cycle and interannual variability

Modeling circulation and thermal structure in Lake Michigan: Annual cycle and interannual variability

Importance of solar subsurface heating in ocean general circulation models

Summer surface layer thermal response to surface gravity waves in the Yellow Sea

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