Simulation of the Effect of 5G Cell Phone Radiation on Human Brain

Awada, Basel; Madi, Ghena; Mohsen, Ali; Harb, Ahmad; Diab, Ahmed A. Zaki; Hamawy, Lara; Hajj-Hassan, Houssein; Hajj-Hassan, Mohamad

doi:10.1109/imcet.2018.8603063

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The author raised critical questions that serve as research challenges and bridge the knowledge gap concerning 5G's RF-EMF radiation exposure's effect on body tissues. Furthermore, the works in [34]- [37], among others, concentrated on the effects of RF exposure on the human brain. Specifically, the authors addressed the exposure caused by UL transmission.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation exposure assessment, analysis, computation, and minimization technique in 5G networks: A perspective on QoS trade-offs

Ajibare,

Oladejo,

Ekwe

et al. 2023

SAIEE Afr. Res. J.

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In this study, the specific absorption rate (SAR) and exposure index (EI) of access points (APs) and user equipment (UEs) in fourth-generation (4G) and fifth-generation (5G) wireless technologies are examined with regard to the effects of exposure to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) radiation and the implications of their reduction. We characterize the EI using a classical mathematical method while considering the power density, the SAR, the electric field strength, and the tissue's density and conductivity. As such, a novel exposure-index open-loop power control algorithm is proposed to evaluate the realistic RF-EMF radiation exposure on human users from both the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) communication devices. To solve an EI minimization problem using the open-loop power control algorithm, we formulate it in the form of a mixedinteger nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. As the energy capacity (i.e., power density) in wireless networks determines the radiation exposure (SAR and EI), it minimizes the EI by controlling and managing the transmitted and received powers under the restrictions of Quality of Service (QoS), interference, and power, while ensuring the users' QoS requirements are met. Our proposed scheme is numerically compared to other heuristic algorithms and exposure limits established by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and other similar organizations. Lastly, we compare the emissions from 4G and 5G networks to the emissions from UL and DL transmissions. Our simulation findings indicate that our proposed technique is a good alternative. Our assessment, in terms of numerical results and evaluation, also verifies that the exposures are bearable, fall within the recommended limits, and are minimized without impairing the users' QoS.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation exposure assessment, analysis, computation, and minimization technique in 5G networks: A perspective on QoS trade-offs

Ajibare,

Oladejo,

Ekwe

et al. 2023

SAIEE Afr. Res. J.

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“…A good night's sleep is a difficult concept and is influenced by many factors. The enlarged increase in mobile phone usage has led to debates on the impact of GSM phone radiation on our health (Awada et al, 2018). Mobile phones emit radio frequency energy, non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation, which can be absorbed by nerves when near the phone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of GSM Phone Radiation on Sleep Quality

Molua,

Anthony

2024

JHTD

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This study examines the correlation between exposure to GSM phone radiation and the quality of sleep in subjects. A varied group of 15 adults between the ages of 18 and 65 was selected, with demographic information gathered in addition to objective and subjective sleep measurements. Specialized equipment was used to monitor GSM phone radiation levels, while sleep quality was evaluated using polysomnography (PSG) devices and self-reported sleep diaries. Correlation analyses showed substantial links between GSM phone radiation exposure and different sleep metrics such as total sleep time, sleep onset delay, sleep efficiency, and subjective sleep quality ratings. Higher levels of GSM phone radiation were linked to longer total sleep lengths and longer sleep onset latencies, as well as worse sleep efficiency and poorer subjective sleep quality. The results emphasize the significance of examining how mobile phone use can affect sleep quality and emphasize the necessity for additional study to clarify the underlying mechanisms and determine causation.

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“…Изучение взаимодействия биологической ткани с электромагнитным излучением СВЧ-диапазона является актуальной темой в современном мире [1][2][3][4]. Это связано с обширным использованием устройств сотовой связи, работающих в различных диапазонах частот, число которых постоянно растет в связи с развитием новых стандартов мобильной связи (стандарт 5G), что приводит к необходимости анализа воздействия данного излучения на человека.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Model of microwave radiation absorption by biological tissues

Лагуцкий

Давыдов

Kizimenko

et al. 2021

Doklady Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta informatiki

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А model of absorption of electromagnetic energy of radiofrequency range by biological tissues is described in the article. The problems of modeling the interaction of microwave radiation and biological tissues represented as multilayer structures are considered. Patch-antenna models for six sub-bands overlapping the 500–3500 MHz range are developed. The model of biological tissue was developed on the basis of MRI imaging, which allows for modeling under near real-life conditions. Based on the developed models of transceivers and biotissue, models have been created that allow to analyze the absorption of electromagnetic energy in the near- and far fields of the transmitter. From the results of modelling in the near field we can see that there are certain absorption maxima at frequencies of 750, 938, 1250 and 1357 MHz. Based on the results of the far field modeling it can be noted that in the range of 750 to 1000 MHz there is no absorption peak at 938 MHz. Also, as a result of the simulation, a decrease in the magnitude of absorption starting from 750 MHz was registered. Absorption peak absence is also observed in the area of 1357 MHz frequency. In the range of 2.5–3 GHz both in the near and far fields practically linear decrease of absorption value is observed. When analyzing the influence of structures' sizes on electromagnetic energy absorption in biological tissues, it was found that the nature of change in absorption value is a nonlinear value. In the range of 0.5–2 GHz both increase and decrease of absorption at thickening or thinning of layers is observed. It should also be noted that when the size of each layer increases by 10 %, the peak of absorption in the area of 1156 MHz frequency is observed. For the 2–3.5 GHz range there are no significant changes in the chart shape when the layer thickness changes.

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Simulation of the Effect of 5G Cell Phone Radiation on Human Brain

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation exposure assessment, analysis, computation, and minimization technique in 5G networks: A perspective on QoS trade-offs

Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation exposure assessment, analysis, computation, and minimization technique in 5G networks: A perspective on QoS trade-offs

Effects of GSM Phone Radiation on Sleep Quality

Model of microwave radiation absorption by biological tissues

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