Simulation of the Crystallization Process in Low-Carbon Low-Alloy Steels

Thermodynamic Simulation of Solidification of Ti-Containing Steels with Consideration for Possibility of Peritectic Transformation and Second Phase Precipitation

“…As starting points for the liquid phase composition, its composition obtained at the previous temperature step is taken: , -total 2n + 5 variables. Since the metallic elements from the previously formed ferrite in this case no longer remain there, but also partially transfer into the newly appeared austenite, the mass fraction of ferrite can no longer be calculated from the condition of mass conservation of any metallic element in ferrite, as in (15). Therefore, the fraction of ferrite at the new temperature step is an independent variable.…”

“…The values of the equilibrium constants, except for the solubility product of titanium carbosulfide, and the coefficients of interaction of elements in the melt were used the same as in a recent publication [15]. The solubility product of carbosulfide in the melt was calculated based on the solubility product of this compound in austenite presented in [17], and the following expression was obtained:…”

“…Approximations of partial and para-equilibrium were successfully implemented in a number of algorithms and software products [11][12][13][14]. The partial equilibrium approximation was also used in a recent publication [15]. The algorithm presented in this paper is largely based on these works, but the authors believe it offers a better solution in some respects.…”