Simulation of specular microscopy images of corneal endothelium, a tool for control of measurement errors

Bucht, Curry; Söderberg, Per G.; Manneberg, Göran

doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.01974.x

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, the semi‐automatic measurement is too time‐consuming for image averaging to be used clinically. Software for simulation of corneal endothelial images captured by specular microscopy has been developed by Bucht et al. (2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method allows the estimation of measurement errors associated with the semi‐automatic measurement and objective calibration of the sensitivity of any specular microscope. This will allow calibration of specular microscopes among research centres and facilitate the development of fully automatic analysis of the corneal endothelium (Bucht et al. 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the semi-automatic measurement is too time-consuming for image averaging to be used clinically. Software for simulation of corneal endothelial images captured by specular microscopy has been developed by Bucht et al (2011). This method allows the estimation of measurement errors associated with the semi-automatic measurement and objective calibration of the sensitivity of any specular microscope.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The 7‐year cumulative incidence of cornea guttata and morphological changes in the corneal endothelium in the Reykjavik Eye Study

Zoëga

Arnarsson

Sekiya

et al. 2012

Acta Ophthalmologica

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: To examine the corneal endothelium and establish the 7-year cumulative incidence of cornea guttata (CG). Methods: Population-based prospective cohort study with 573 participants (third wave of the Reykjavik Eye Study (RES) in 2008). Four hundred and thirty-seven subjects had either right or left eyes available for analysis after excluding confounding eye conditions. The baseline for eyes at risk for developing CG is the second wave of the RES in 2001. Participants underwent specular microscopy and a standardized eye examination. Results: The cumulative 7-year incidence of CG in either eye was estimated as a 95% confidence interval for the expected value for both genders combined (15-23%), for males (8-18%) and for females (19-29%). In right eye only, the 7-year cumulative incidence for both genders combined was estimated to be 6-11%. For genders combined and for males only, the data indicated no correlation between 7-year cumulated incidence and age at baseline. In women, however, the change of 7-year incidence for CG in at least one eye appeared to be correlated to age at baseline. Reduction of endothelial cell density for corneas with CG at baseline was found [CI (0.95))132 ± 94]. Conclusion: The cumulative 7-year incidence of primary central CG for a middle-aged and older Caucasian population without history of potentially confounding eye disease has been established. Women tend to have higher incidence if onset occurs at middle age. If CG is present, the cell density and the cell size variation decrease within a 7-year period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The 7‐year cumulative incidence of cornea guttata and morphological changes in the corneal endothelium in the Reykjavik Eye Study

Zoëga

Arnarsson

Sekiya

et al. 2012

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…An algorithm of the Voronoi diagram has been used to establish a model of biological structure and to analyze cell density, variation in cell size, and the creation of cell barrier. 20,21 As above, in five laser-treated lesions, the RPE cells with intact b-catenin staining were averaged for analysis. To evaluate changes in variation in RPE cell size and hexagonality, the areas of RPE cells stained with b-catenin within circles of 200-lm diameter were also estimated.…”

Section: Cell Countingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Pigment Epithelium Responses to Selective Retina Therapy in Mouse Eyes

Kim

Jang

Lee

et al. 2016

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Citation: Kim HD, Jang SY, Lee SH, et al. Retinal pigment epithelium responses to selective retina therapy in mouse eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57:3486-3495. DOI:10.1167/iovs.16-19508 PURPOSE. To investigate the characteristics of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and retinal damage induced by selective retina therapy (SRT) in mice, and to elucidate longitudinal changes in RPE cells.METHODS. C57BL/6J mice received SRT and continuous-wave laser photocoagulation (cwPC). The cell death pattern was evaluated using TUNEL assay, and proliferative potential of the RPE cells was evaluated using 5-ethynyl-2 0 -dexoyuridine (EdU) assay. To investigate the cell-cell integrity of RPE cells, b-catenin staining was performed. The number and hexagonality of RPE cells in the SRT-treated area were estimated using a Voronoi diagram with time periods of 3 hours to 14 days. Antibodies to microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MiTF) and orthodenticle homeobox 2 (Otx2) were used to confirm the specific characteristics of RPE cells in the SRT-treated area.RESULTS. The number of TUNEL-positive cells located in the neural retina was significantly lower in lesions treated with SRT compared to those treated with cwPC. EdU-positive RPE cells were first detected 3 to 12 hours after SRT, and increased until 3 to 7 days after SRT. bcatenin staining showed that hexagonality was compromised and subsequently, RPE cells expanded in size within the targeted location. The number of RPE cells in SRT lesions decreased gradually until 12 hours after SRT and recovered by 14 days. Upregulated expression of MiTF and Otx2 was observed for 2 weeks in the SRT lesions.CONCLUSIONS. Selective retina therapy seems to induce selective RPE damage without collateral thermal injury in the neural retina. Furthermore, SRT-treated lesions recovered by proliferation of RPE cells that were present in the treated lesions and by expansion of adjacent RPE cells.Keywords: microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MiTF), orthodenticle homeobox 2 (Otx2), retinal pigment epithelium, selective retina therapy L aser photocoagulation is a mainstay for the treatment of several retinal conditions associated with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction. 1-4 Continuous-wave laser photocoagulation (cwPC) has been used in the treatment of various macular diseases, such as diabetic macular edema (DME), agerelated macular degeneration, and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), over several decades.2-4 Light energy from cwPC is converted into heat in the melanosomes of RPE cells. By heat diffusion, this thermal energy not only damages the RPE but also results in collateral damage of surrounding components, particularly overlying photoreceptors, Bruch's membrane, and choriocapillaries. [5][6][7][8] This is a desired effect because it induces scar formation, which prevents further retinal detachment in retinal holes, and damages photoreceptors during panretinal photocoagulation, which is thought to preserve the central macula in diabetic retinopathy. Howev...

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“…As the endothelial mosaic can be reconstructed from CEC centroids [7], they provide perfect landmarks for SM image registration. Furthermore, centroids can be automatically extracted from SM images with minimal error [8].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-by-Cell Alignment of Repeated Specular Microscopy Images from the Same Eye

2013

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PurposeModern specular microscopes (SM) robustly depict the same central area of the corneal endothelium at different time points through a built-in fixation light. However, repeated image acquisitions slightly shift and rotate because of minute changes in head position in the chin and forehead rest. This prevents the manual retrieval of individual corneal endothelial cells (CECs) in repeated measurements because SM images usually lack obvious landmarks. We devised and validated an image registration algorithm that aligns SM images from the same eye to make corresponding CECs coincide.MethodsWe retrospectively selected 27 image pairs for the presence of significant image overlap. Each image pair had been recorded on the same day and of the same eye. We applied our registration method in each image pair. Two observers independently validated, by means of alternation flicker, that the image pairs had been correctly aligned. We also repeatedly applied our registration method on unrelated image pairs by randomly drawing images and making certain that the images did not originate from the same eye. This was done to assess the specifity of our method.ResultsAll automated registrations of the same-day and same-eye image pairs were accurate. However, one single image incorrectly failed to trigger the non-match diagnosis twice in 81 registration attempts between unrelated images. As it turned out, this particular image depicted only 73 CECs. The average number of CECs was 253 (range 73–393).ConclusionRepeated non-contact SM images can be automatedly aligned so that the corresponding CECs coincide. Any successful alignment can be considered as proof of the retrieval of identical CECs as soon as at least 100 CEC centroids have been identified. We believe our method is the first to robustly confirm endothelial stability in individual eyes.

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Simulation of specular microscopy images of corneal endothelium, a tool for control of measurement errors

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

The 7‐year cumulative incidence of cornea guttata and morphological changes in the corneal endothelium in the Reykjavik Eye Study

The 7‐year cumulative incidence of cornea guttata and morphological changes in the corneal endothelium in the Reykjavik Eye Study

Retinal Pigment Epithelium Responses to Selective Retina Therapy in Mouse Eyes

Cell-by-Cell Alignment of Repeated Specular Microscopy Images from the Same Eye

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