Simulation of Salinity Effects on Past, Present, and Future Soil Organic Carbon Stocks

Setia, Raj; Smith, Pete; Marschner, Petra; Gottschalk, Pia; Baldock, J. A.; Verma, Vibha; Setia, Deepika; Smith, Jo

doi:10.1021/es2027345

Cited by 45 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…World Bank Loan Project, and “Huang‐Huai‐Hai agricultural campaign”) (Jia, Gan, Zhang, & Huang, ; Li, Ouy, Liu, & Hu, ; Shi, ). The area of saline soils was reduced by 70% from 1961 to 2000 (Fang, Chen, Fang, & Wan, ), which was beneficial for C accumulation by promoting crop growth and thus enhancing C inputs (Setia et al., ). Drainage systems were improved and irrigated area expanded significantly (ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large soil organic carbon increase due to improved agronomic management in the North China Plain from 1980s to 2010s

Han

Wiesmeier

Conant

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

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Agricultural soils are widely recognized to be capable of carbon sequestration that contributes to mitigating CO emissions. To better understand soil organic carbon (SOC) stock dynamics and its driving and controlling factors corresponding with a period of rapid agronomic evolution from the 1980s to the 2010s in the North China Plain (NCP), we collected data from two region-wide soil sampling campaigns (in the 1980s and 2010s) and conducted an analysis of the controlling factors using the random forest model. Between the 1980s and 2010s, environmental (i.e. soil salinity/fertility) and societal (i.e. policy/techniques) factors both contributed to adoption of new management practices (i.e. chemical fertilizer application/mechanization). Results of our work indicate that SOC stocks in the NCP croplands increased significantly, which also closely related to soil total nitrogen changes. Samples collected near the surface (0-20 cm) and deeper (20-40 cm) both increased by an average of 9.4 and 5.1 Mg C ha , respectively, which are equivalent to increases of 73% and 56% compared with initial SOC stocks in the 1980s. The annual carbon sequestration amount in surface soils reached 10.9 Tg C year , which contributed an estimated 43% of total carbon sequestration in all of China's cropland on just 27% of its area. Successful desalinization and the subsequent increases in carbon (C) inputs, induced by agricultural projects and policies intended to support crop production (i.e. reconstruction of low yield farmland, and agricultural subsidies), combined with improved cultivation practices (i.e. fertilization and straw return) since the early 1980s were the main drivers for the SOC stock increase. This study suggests that rehabilitation of NCP soils to reduce salinity and increase crop yields have also served as a pathway for substantial soil C sequestration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large soil organic carbon increase due to improved agronomic management in the North China Plain from 1980s to 2010s

Han

Wiesmeier

Conant

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

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“…In saline soils, SOC content is influenced by two opposing factors: reduced plant inputs which may decrease SOC, and reduced rates of decomposition (and associated mineralization of organic C to CO 2 ) which could increase SOC content if the C input was unchanged. Using a modified Rothamsted carbon model with a newly introduced salinity decomposition rate modifier and a plant input modifier (Setia et al, 2011b(Setia et al, , 2012, Setia et al (2013) estimated that, historically, world soils that are currently saline have lost an average of 3.47 t SOC ha À1 since they became saline. With the extent of saline soils predicted to increase under the future climate, Setia et al (2013) estimated that world soils may lose 6.8 Pg SOC due to salinity by the year 2100.…”

Section: Water Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global change pressures on soils from land use and management

Smith

House

Bustamante

et al. 2015

Global Change Biology

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Soils are subject to varying degrees of direct or indirect human disturbance, constituting a major global change driver. Factoring out natural from direct and indirect human influence is not always straightforward, but some human activities have clear impacts. These include land-use change, land management and land degradation (erosion, compaction, sealing and salinization). The intensity of land use also exerts a great impact on soils, and soils are also subject to indirect impacts arising from human activity, such as acid deposition (sulphur and nitrogen) and heavy metal pollution. In this critical review, we report the state-of-the-art understanding of these global change pressures on soils, identify knowledge gaps and research challenges and highlight actions and policies to minimize adverse environmental impacts arising from these global change drivers. Soils are central to considerations of what constitutes sustainable intensification. Therefore, ensuring that vulnerable and high environmental value soils are considered when protecting important habitats and ecosystems, will help to reduce the pressure on land from global change drivers. To ensure that soils are protected as part of wider environmental efforts, a global soil resilience programme should be considered, to monitor, recover or sustain soil fertility and function, and to enhance the ecosystem services provided by soils. Soils cannot, and should not, be considered in isolation of the ecosystems that they underpin and vice versa. The role of soils in supporting ecosystems and natural capital needs greater recognition. The lasting legacy of the International Year of Soils in 2015 should be to put soils at the centre of policy supporting environmental protection and sustainable development.

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“…Factors affecting CO 2 emission from saline and saline‐sodic soils have been correlated with soil properties including, osmotic potential and sodium adsorption ration (Setia et al ., ; Setia et al ., ; Setia et al ., ), soil texture (Chowdhury et al ., ; Mavi et al ., ) and water content (Setia et al ., ), soil organic carbon stocks (Setia et al ., ), and residue composition and water potential (Setia et al ., ; Setia & Marschner, 2013a; Setia & Marschner, 2013b). Several other researchers have also investigated the effect of salinity and sodicity on SR (CO 2 evolution) in laboratory (Pathak & Rao, ; Beltrán‐Hernández et al, ; Wong et al ., , 2009) and field studies (Chander et al ., ; Rietz & Haynes, ; Yuan et al ., ; Singh et al ., ).…”

Section: Microbial Activities In Saline and Sodic Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This artificially created salinity may or may not be an actual factor for changes in microbial activities especially at early stages of incubation study and may not be that much similar to natural field conditions (Macci et al, 2013). Factors affecting CO 2 emission from saline and salinesodic soils have been correlated with soil properties including, osmotic potential and sodium adsorption ration (Setia et al, 2010;Setia et al, 2011b;Setia et al, 2011c), soil texture (Chowdhury et al, 2011c; and water content (Setia et al, 2011a), soil organic carbon stocks (Setia et al, 2012a), and residue composition and water potential (Setia et al, 2012b;Setia & Marschner, 2013a;Setia & Marschner, 2013b). Several other researchers have also investigated the effect of salinity and sodicity on SR (CO 2 evolution) in laboratory (Pathak & Rao, 1998;Beltrán-Hernández et al, 2007;Wong et al, 2008Wong et al, , 2009) and field studies (Chander et al, 1994;Rietz & Haynes, 2003;Yuan et al, 2007;Singh et al, 2012a).…”

Section: Co 2 Emission or C Mineralization In Saline Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial and Enzyme Activities of Saline and Sodic Soils

2015

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Salinization and sodication are abiotic soil factors, important hazards to soil fertility and consequently affect the crop production. Soil salinization is of great concern for irrigated agriculture in arid and semi‐arid regions of the world; sodicity is characterized by an excessively high concentration of sodium (Na) in their cation exchange system. In recent times, attention has been turned to study the impacts of these factors (salinity and sodicity) on soil microbial activities. Microbial activities play central role in degradation and decomposition of soil organic matter, mineralization of nutrients and stabilization of soil aggregates. To understand the ecology of soil system, therefore, it is important to be conversant with the soil microbial activities, which show quick response to little change in the soil environment. Microbial activities (generally measured as C–N dynamics, soil respiration–basal respiration, or CO2 emission), microbial abundance, microbial biomass, quotients (microbial and metabolic) and microbial community structure, and soil enzymes have been considered as potential indicators to assess the severity of the land degradation and the effectiveness of land use management. Therefore, it is important to synthesize the available information regarding microbial activities in use and management of salt‐affected soils. The reclamation and management of such soils and their physico‐chemical properties have been reviewed well in the literature. In this review, an attempt has been made to compile the current knowledge about the effects of soil salinization and sodication on microbial and enzyme activities and identify research gaps for future research. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Simulation of Salinity Effects on Past, Present, and Future Soil Organic Carbon Stocks

Cited by 45 publications

References 44 publications

Large soil organic carbon increase due to improved agronomic management in the North China Plain from 1980s to 2010s

Large soil organic carbon increase due to improved agronomic management in the North China Plain from 1980s to 2010s

Global change pressures on soils from land use and management

Microbial and Enzyme Activities of Saline and Sodic Soils

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