Abstract:For patient specific cases, the model can with good accuracy calculate 3D dose distributions both with and without respiratory motion, and evaluate the dosimetric effects.
“…On the other hand, the minimum dose of moving target was reduced to 6% compared to static even after thirty fractions. Similarly, Mohn and Wasbø[ 41 ] also pointed out that the dose deviation reduction (averaging) with increasing number of fractions is plan and patient specific, and this should be evaluated before the final clinical decision.…”
Tumors in thoracic and upper abdomen regions such as lungs, liver, pancreas, esophagus, and breast move due to respiration. Respiration-induced motion introduces uncertainties in radiotherapy treatments of these sites and is regarded as a significant bottleneck in achieving highly conformal dose distributions. Recent developments in radiation therapy have resulted in (i) motion-encompassing, (ii) respiratory gating, and (iii) tracking methods for adapting the radiation beam aperture to account for the respiration-induced target motion. The purpose of this review is to discuss the magnitude, impact, and management of respiration-induced tumor motion.
“…On the other hand, the minimum dose of moving target was reduced to 6% compared to static even after thirty fractions. Similarly, Mohn and Wasbø[ 41 ] also pointed out that the dose deviation reduction (averaging) with increasing number of fractions is plan and patient specific, and this should be evaluated before the final clinical decision.…”
Tumors in thoracic and upper abdomen regions such as lungs, liver, pancreas, esophagus, and breast move due to respiration. Respiration-induced motion introduces uncertainties in radiotherapy treatments of these sites and is regarded as a significant bottleneck in achieving highly conformal dose distributions. Recent developments in radiation therapy have resulted in (i) motion-encompassing, (ii) respiratory gating, and (iii) tracking methods for adapting the radiation beam aperture to account for the respiration-induced target motion. The purpose of this review is to discuss the magnitude, impact, and management of respiration-induced tumor motion.
“…With a large number of fractions the interplay may average out, as recently reported for a 25 fraction IMRT delivery by Mohn et al [23], however as suggested by the authors this averaging will be patient and plan specific. The amplitude value used in this study (i.e.…”
In this study the interplay effects for Enhanced Dynamic Wedge (EDW) treatments are experimentally investigated. Single and multiple field EDW plans for different wedge angles were delivered to a phantom and detector on a moving platform, with various periods, amplitudes for parallel and perpendicular motions. A four field 4D CT planned lung EDW treatment was delivered to a dummy tumor over four fractions. For the single field parallel case the amplitude and the period of motion both affect the interplay resulting in the appearance of a step function and penumbral cut off with the discrepancy worst where collimator-tumor speed is similar. For perpendicular motion the amplitude of tumor motion is the only dominant factor. For large wedge angle the dose discrepancy is more pronounced compared to the small wedge angle for the same field size and amplitude-period values. For a small field size i.e. 5 × 5 cm(2) the loss of wedged distribution was observed for both 60° and 15° wedge angles for parallel and perpendicular motions. Film results from 4D CT planned delivery displayed a mix of over and under dosages over 4 fractions, with the gamma pass rate of 40% for the averaged film image at 3%/1 mm DTA (Distance to Agreement). Amplitude and period of the tumor motion both affect the interplay for single and multi-field EDW treatments and for a limited (4 or 5) fraction delivery there is a possibility of non-averaging of the EDW interplay.
“…19 However, studies have shown that the interplay between organ and MLC motion may average out with a large number of treatment fractions. 20 In addition, the interplay may also be reduced by careful application of motion management techniques such as breath hold.…”
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