Simulation of Rear and Body Side Vehicle Soiling by Road Sprays Using Transient Particle Tracking

Jilesen, Jonathan; Gaylard, Adrian; Duncan, Bradley D.; Константинов, А Ю; Wanderer, John

doi:10.4271/2013-01-1256

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The physical reasons for this have become clear; droplets mainly thrown off the rear tyres are carried into the wheel wakes from where they are transferred into the base wake, advected back towards the rear surfaces and deposited on them. 35 Accumulation is most acute where the surface pressure is relatively high. 36 Countermeasures to date have mainly focused on turning relatively uncontaminated air either from high on the vehicle body side or from the flow over the roof using slotted spoilers, corner ducts or turning vanes to provide a 'clean' flow over the rear screen.…”

Section: Rear Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface contamination of cars: A review

Gaylard

Kirwan

Lockerby

2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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This review surveys the problem of surface contamination of cars, which poses a growing engineering challenge to vehicle manufacturers, operators and users. Both the vision of drivers and the visibility of vehicles need to be maintained under a wide range of environmental conditions. This requires managing the flow of surface water on windscreens and side glazing. The rate of deposition of solid contaminants on glazing, lights, licence plates and external mirrors also needs to be minimised. Maintaining vehicle aesthetics and limiting the transfer of contaminants to the hands and clothes of users from soiled surfaces are also significant issues. Recently, keeping camera lenses clean has emerged as a key concern, as these systems transition from occasional manoeuvring aids to sensors for safety systems. The deposition of water and solid contaminants on to car surfaces is strongly influenced by unsteady vehicle aerodynamic effects. Airborne water droplets falling as rain or lifted as spray by tyres interact with wakes, vortices and shear flows and accumulate on vehicle surfaces as a consequence. The same aerodynamic effects also control the movement of surface water droplets, rivulets and films; hence, particular attention is paid to the management of surface water over the front side glass and the deposition of contaminants on the rear surfaces. The test methods used in the automotive industry are reviewed, as are the numerical simulation techniques.

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Section: Rear Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface contamination of cars: A review

Gaylard

Kirwan

Lockerby

2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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“…For this reason, the breakup of droplets should be considered. 10 So far, four types of droplet breakup models are available. 11 In this study, the popular Taylor analogy breakup (TAB) model was selected.…”

Section: Dpmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 In this study, the popular Taylor analogy breakup (TAB) model was selected. 10 In the TAB model, an analogy is drawn between an oscillating and distorting droplet and spring-mass system. The oscillating and distorting droplet are governed by the TAB model equation set, which can be solved to determine the droplet oscillation and distortion at any given time.…”

Section: Dpmmentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical simulation of wheel spray for simplified vehicle model based on discrete phase method

Liao

Lei

et al. 2015

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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Road spray greatly affects vehicle body soiling and driving safety. The study of road spray has attracted increasing attention. In this article, computational fluid dynamics software with widely used finite volume method code was employed to investigate the numerical simulation of spray induced by a simplified wheel model and a modified square-back model proposed by the Motor Industry Research Association. Shear stress transport k-omega turbulence model, discrete phase model, and Eulerian wall-film model were selected. In the simulation process, the phenomenon of breakup and coalescence of drops were considered, and the continuous and discrete phases were treated as two-way coupled in momentum and turbulent motion. The relationship between the vehicle external flow structure and body soiling was also discussed.

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“…In this study particles were subjected to drag (Schiller-Naumann correlation, shown in Equation (7) [23]), gravity and shear lift (Saffman Mei lift [24]) forces, as shown in Equation (5). Where (6) And (7) (8) A stochastic dispersion model (Gosman and Ioannides [25]) was used to model the influence of the unresolved turbulent content on the motion of particles. However the sub-grid turbulence in the wake was found to be small, typically less than 90%.…”

Section: Mathematical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a very comprehensive study into the prediction of surface contamination for a detailed SUV has been reported by Gaylard and Duncan [3], as well as Gaylard et al [6,7]. Conversely, simplified bodies that lack details and styling of specific vehicles, are commonly used to study automotive aerodynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%