“…In response to all these problems, this article proposes a mechanics-based approach to design, which can prevent CCS failure while being less reliant on empirical means. An example of this can be seen in the work of Shukri and Jumaat (2016), where the moment-rotation ( M / θ ) approach (Knight et al, 2014; Mo et al, 2016; Oehlers et al, 2012; Shukri et al, 2015, 2016b; Visintin et al, 2013; Visintin and Oehlers, 2016, 2017) was used in conjunction with the global energy balance approach (GEBA) (Achintha and Burgoyne, 2013, 2011; Guan and Burgoyne, 2014) to simulate CCS failure. The M / θ approach is a mechanics-based method that applies the partial interaction theory (Gupta and Maestrini, 1990; Haskett et al, 2008; Muhamad et al, 2012; Visintin et al, 2013) to directly simulate concrete cracking, crack widening, and tension stiffening of RC beams.…”