Simulation of progressive spinal deformities in Duchenne muscular dystrophy using a biomechanical model integrating muscles and vertebral growth modulation

Huynh, Anne-Marie; Aubin, Carl‐Éric; Mathieu, PA; Labelle, Hubert

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2006.11.010

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Although the degenerative lumbar kyphosis may be caused by the intervertebral disc degeneration, the compression of vertebral body due to osteoporosis, or the weakening of the spinal extensor muscles 22) , however, the pathophysiology of the degenerative lumbar kyphosis is still unclear. There are many studies conducted on the correlation between degenerative lumbar kyphosis and muscles 1 3 8 10 12 15 22) . Thoracic kyphosis in the elderly women with osteoporosis increases more than that of healthy women, which is known to be associated with the weakening of spinal extensor 8) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Paraspinal Muscle Injury Model in Rat

Cho

Park

Kim

2016

J Korean Neurosurg Soc

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ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to establish an animal model of chronic paraspinal muscle injury in rat.MethodsFifty four Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into experimental group (n=30), sham (n=15), and normal group (n=9). Incision was done from T7 to L2 and paraspinal muscles were detached from spine and tied at each level. The paraspinal muscles were exposed and untied at 2 weeks after surgery. Sham operation was done by paraspinal muscles dissection at the same levels and wound closure was done without tying. Kyphotic index and thoracolumbar Cobb's angle were measured at preoperative, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the first surgery for all groups. The rats were sacrificed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the first surgery, and performed histological examinations.Results At 4 weeks after surgery, the kyphotic index decreased, but, Cobb's angle increased significantly in the experimental group (p<0.05), and then that were maintained until the end of the experiment. However, there were no significant differences of the kyphotic index and Cobb's angle between sham and normal groups. In histological examinations, necrosis and fibrosis were observed definitely and persisted until 12 weeks after surgery. There were also presences of regenerated muscle cells which nucleus is at the center of cytoplasm, centronucleated myofibers.ConclusionOur chronic injury model of paraspinal muscles in rats shows necrosis and fibrosis in the muscles for 12 weeks after surgery, which might be useful to study the pathophysiology of the degenerative thoracolumbar kyphosis or degeneration of paraspinal muscles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Paraspinal Muscle Injury Model in Rat

Cho

Park

Kim

2016

J Korean Neurosurg Soc

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“…Though the etiology is still not clear, its association with abnormal growth during the adolescent growth spurt has been widely reported. This included anomalous growth of the vertebrae, muscular imbalance, central or peripheral nerve impairment or asymmetric growth of the ribs [3,4,9,11,14]. The stability of the thoracic spine is maintained by equal support through the ribs from both sides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rib length asymmetry in thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: is it primary or secondary?

et al. 2010

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The development of scoliosis in animal models after inducing asymmetric rib growth suggests the possible role of asymmetric rib growth in the etiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Asymmetric rib length is well recognized in idiopathic scoliosis; however, whether this rib asymmetry is primary or secondary has not been clearly documented. The objectives of this study were to investigate any rib length asymmetry in patients with AIS and compare those with scoliosis with syringomyelia (SS) with the intention of elucidating any relationship between rib growth and pathogenesis of AIS. Forty-eight AIS and 29 SS with apical vertebrae located between T7 and T9 were recruited. The average age was 13.5 ± 2.3 versus 12.5 ± 3.4 years, and the average Cobb angle of thoracic curve was 43.3° ± 16.4° versus 45.6° ± 22.6° in patients with AIS or SS, respectively. The length of all ribs was measured from the tip of costal head to the end of the same rib by built-in software on spiral computed tomography. At the levels of the apical vertebrae, the vertebrae above and below the apex, the mean discrepancy in rib length (concave minus convex rib) was 7, 4 and 7 mm, respectively, in AIS group (p < 0.01), and 6, 5 and 7 mm in SS group, respectively (p < 0.01). The rib length discrepancy between concave and convex sides was significantly correlated with the magnitude of the Cobb angle of thoracic curve in both AIS and SS groups (p < 0.01). Similar findings of the asymmetry of rib length in both AIS and SS patients pointed strongly to the fact that the rib length asymmetry in apical region is most likely secondary to the scoliosis deformity rather than playing a primary role in the etiopathogenesis.

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“…The loading of the spine has been integrated into the model without any prejudice from its configuration. Other authors have explored the impact of muscle activation strategies [35] or muscle weakening [12] in the progression of the deformity. However, in this analysis, loading was not altered during iterations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of spinal concave–convex biases in the progression of idiopathic scoliosis

et al. 2009

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Inadequate understanding of risk factors involved in the progression of idiopathic scoliosis restrains initial treatment to observation until the deformity shows signs of significant aggravation. The purpose of this analysis is to explore whether the concave-convex biases associated with scoliosis (local degeneration of the intervertebral discs, nucleus migration, and local increase in trabecular bone-mineral density of vertebral bodies) may be identified as progressive risk factors. Finite element models of a 26 degrees right thoracic scoliotic spine were constructed based on experimental and clinical observations that included growth dynamics governed by mechanical stimulus. Stress distribution over the vertebral growth plates, progression of Cobb angles, and vertebral wedging were explored in models with and without the biases of concave-convex properties. The inclusion of the bias of concave-convex properties within the model both augmented the asymmetrical loading of the vertebral growth plates by up to 37% and further amplified the progression of Cobb angles and vertebral wedging by as much as 5.9 degrees and 0.8 degrees, respectively. Concave-convex biases are factors that influence the progression of scoliotic curves. Quantifying these parameters in a patient with scoliosis may further provide a better clinical assessment of the risk of progression.

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Simulation of progressive spinal deformities in Duchenne muscular dystrophy using a biomechanical model integrating muscles and vertebral growth modulation

Cited by 19 publications

References 28 publications

Chronic Paraspinal Muscle Injury Model in Rat

Chronic Paraspinal Muscle Injury Model in Rat

Rib length asymmetry in thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: is it primary or secondary?

The role of spinal concave–convex biases in the progression of idiopathic scoliosis

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