Simulation of printer nozzle for 3D printing TNT/HMX based melt-cast explosive

Zong, Huzeng; Cong, Qilun; Zhang, Tengyue; Hao, Yanjun; Xiao, Lei; Hao, Gazi; Zhang, Guangpu; Guo, Hu; Hu, Yubing; Jiang, Wei

doi:10.1007/s00170-021-08593-z

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Warhead charge, as one of the important links of ammunition production, is directly related to the damaging effect and safe use of shells. 1 The melting and casting method, one of the mainstream charging processes, is characterized by low preparation cost, high charge density, low molding difficulty, and high automation level. The method is widely used in the production of medium and large-caliber shells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equal-Material Manufacturing of a Thermoplastic Melt-Cast Explosive Using Thermal-Pressure Coupling Solidification Treatment Technology

Wang

Xiao

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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To eliminate internal defects of grains developed during melt-cast charging, the formation mechanism and the trend of crystal morphology of internal defects of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and 2,4-dinitroanisole-based melt-cast explosives under different process conditions were simulated. The effects of solidification treatment on melt-cast explosive molding quality were investigated by combining pressurized feeding, head insulation, and water bath cooling. The single pressurized treatment technology results showed that grains were exposed to layer-by-layer solidification from outside to inside, resulting in V-shaped shrink areas of the contract cavity in the core. The defect area was proportional to the treatment temperature. However, the combination of treatment technologies, such as head insulation and water bath cooling, promoted longitudinal gradient solidification of the explosive and controllable migration of its internal defects. Moreover, the combined treatment technologies effectively improved the heat transfer efficiency of the explosive with the help of a water bath to reduce the solidification time, thus achieving highly efficient equal-material manufacturing of microdefect or zero-defect grains.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equal-Material Manufacturing of a Thermoplastic Melt-Cast Explosive Using Thermal-Pressure Coupling Solidification Treatment Technology

Wang

Xiao

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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“…Niu Kaibo et al simulated the effect of different process conditions, such as water entry rate, water-bath temperature, mold preheating temperature, and riser preheating, on the cooling solidification and shrinkage of melt-cast explosive by ProCAST software [27][28][29]. The effect of solid content and particle size of HMX on the viscosity of TNT/ HMX explosives was investigated [30]. Wang Donglei used ProCAST software to study the flow field, temperature field, and stress field during the casting and solidification process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring experiment and simulation on solidification of DNAN based melt‐cast explosive with FBG sensors

Yuan,

Sun,

Sha

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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In order to obtain the change rule of the temperature field and the mechanism of defect formation during the solidification process of melt‐cast explosive, the temperature field change data were tested during the solidification process of DNAN based melt‐cast explosive by using an arrayed spatially distributed Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) temperature sensor device. The temperature field variation during the solidification experiment was obtained under the condition that the cooling rate of the boundary water‐bath temperature was 0.2 °C/min. On the basis of the solidification experiments, the macroscopic solidification process of small‐caliber grenade at different boundary cooling rates was simulated using ProCAST software. The simulation results show that when the boundary cooling rate is 0.2 °C/min, the temperature fields during the solidification process of DNAN based melt‐cast explosive are in good agreement with that of the experimental monitoring points; the size of the melt‐cast charge defects decreases as the boundary cooling rate becomes smaller; and the location of the charge defects is closer to the tail of the grenade as the cooling rate decreases. In addition, a mesoscopic model of DNAN based melt‐cast explosive was established in the paper. At the mesoscopic level, the generation, formation, and evolution of charge defects in DNAN based melt‐cast explosive during solidification were investigated. The study results provide theoretical guidance for the formulation design and process optimization of DNAN based melt‐cast explosives, as well as for improving the charge quality of ammunition.

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Numerical simulation and experimental validation of deposited corners of any angle in direct ink writing

Hassan

Siadat

et al. 2022

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Direct ink writing (DIW) belongs to material extrusion based additive manufacturing (MEAM) and the molding quality of deposited corners has an impact on the geometrical quality of three dimensional (3D) parts fabricated by DIW. To fully understand the DIW process and improve the geometrical quality of parts, numerical simulations have been widely used to model the DIW process. However, the previous research works for numerical simulation of deposited corners could only achieve the corner simulation under the condition of small angle and failed to realize corner simulation of any angel. Herein, we propose an improved numerical simulation of deposited corners of any angle based on the use of volume of fluid (VOF) method and validate the proposed numerical simulation experimentally. For this purpose, the numerical simulation is conducted through geometrical modeling, meshes generation and boundary conditions determination. In the numerical simulation, deposited corner is realized by constructing two calculation areas where two nozzle velocities with the corner angle as the velocity direction angle are applied on the substrates of two calculation areas. The effectiveness of the proposed numerical model is validated through corners deposition experiments using a commercially available microcrystalline wax (MW)-based ink in a DIW 3D printer as simulated results fit experimental results well. The current work demonstrates an effective approach for the prediction of the deposited corners of any angle in DIW based on numerical simulations.

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Simulation of printer nozzle for 3D printing TNT/HMX based melt-cast explosive

Cited by 12 publications

References 54 publications

Equal-Material Manufacturing of a Thermoplastic Melt-Cast Explosive Using Thermal-Pressure Coupling Solidification Treatment Technology

Equal-Material Manufacturing of a Thermoplastic Melt-Cast Explosive Using Thermal-Pressure Coupling Solidification Treatment Technology

Monitoring experiment and simulation on solidification of DNAN based melt‐cast explosive with FBG sensors

Numerical simulation and experimental validation of deposited corners of any angle in direct ink writing

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