“…In addition, the accuracy of the SPH method decreases as the particles become disordered [Monaghan, 1992]. Clustering of the particles can occur in simulations of the flow of highly compressible fluids, and this leads to a significant decrease in the accuracy, and numerical instabilities may occur [Zimmermann et al, 2001;Koumoutsakos, 2005]. The accuracy of compressible flow simulations can be significantly improved by periodically ''remeshing'' the particles [Chaniotis et al, 2003].…”
[1] A numerical model based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) was used to simulate reactive transport and mineral precipitation in porous and fractured porous media. The stability and numerical accuracy of the SPH-based model was verified by comparing its results with analytical results and finite element numerical solutions. The numerical stability of the model was also verified by performing simulations with different time steps and different number of particles (different resolutions). The model was used to study the effects of the Damkohler and Peclet numbers and pore-scale heterogeneity on reactive transport and the character of mineral precipitation and to estimate effective reaction coefficients and mass transfer coefficients. Depending on the combination of Damkohler and Peclet numbers the precipitation may be uniform throughout the porous domain or concentrated mainly at the boundaries where the solute is injected and along preferential flow paths. The effective reaction rate coefficient and mass transfer coefficient exhibited hysteretic behavior during the precipitation process as a result of changing pore geometry and solute distribution. The changes in porosity and fluid fluxes resulting from mineral precipitation were also investigated. It was found that the reduction in the fluid flux increases with increasing Damkohler number for any particular reduction in the porosity. The simulation results show that the SPH, Lagrangian particle method is an effective tool for studying pore-scale flow and transport. The particle nature of SPH models allows complex physical processes such as diffusion, reaction, and mineral precipitation to be modeled with relative ease.
“…In addition, the accuracy of the SPH method decreases as the particles become disordered [Monaghan, 1992]. Clustering of the particles can occur in simulations of the flow of highly compressible fluids, and this leads to a significant decrease in the accuracy, and numerical instabilities may occur [Zimmermann et al, 2001;Koumoutsakos, 2005]. The accuracy of compressible flow simulations can be significantly improved by periodically ''remeshing'' the particles [Chaniotis et al, 2003].…”
[1] A numerical model based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) was used to simulate reactive transport and mineral precipitation in porous and fractured porous media. The stability and numerical accuracy of the SPH-based model was verified by comparing its results with analytical results and finite element numerical solutions. The numerical stability of the model was also verified by performing simulations with different time steps and different number of particles (different resolutions). The model was used to study the effects of the Damkohler and Peclet numbers and pore-scale heterogeneity on reactive transport and the character of mineral precipitation and to estimate effective reaction coefficients and mass transfer coefficients. Depending on the combination of Damkohler and Peclet numbers the precipitation may be uniform throughout the porous domain or concentrated mainly at the boundaries where the solute is injected and along preferential flow paths. The effective reaction rate coefficient and mass transfer coefficient exhibited hysteretic behavior during the precipitation process as a result of changing pore geometry and solute distribution. The changes in porosity and fluid fluxes resulting from mineral precipitation were also investigated. It was found that the reduction in the fluid flux increases with increasing Damkohler number for any particular reduction in the porosity. The simulation results show that the SPH, Lagrangian particle method is an effective tool for studying pore-scale flow and transport. The particle nature of SPH models allows complex physical processes such as diffusion, reaction, and mineral precipitation to be modeled with relative ease.
“…Mesh-free particle methods, such as the particle strength exchange method [41], provide other interesting alternatives. Pore-scale flow and dispersion has also been simulated using the lattice-Boltzmann technique in which a fluid is modeled according to the average behavior of particles on a lattice rather than as free moving discrete particles [23].…”
“…But a problematic issue with operator splitting is the reconnection of the separated effects into a total solution. A popular subset of this class of mixed methods includes the method-of-characteristics (MOC) approach and related particle methods, which have been widely used for decades (e.g., Garder et al 1964;Pinder and Cooper 1970;Bredehoeft and Pinder 1973;Konikow and Bredehoeft 1978;Zheng 1990;Konikow et al 1996;Zheng and Wang 1999;Oude Essink 2001;Zimmermann et al 2001).…”
Method-of-characteristics groundwater transport models require that changes in concentrations computed within an Eulerian framework to account for dispersion be transferred to moving particles used to simulate advective transport. A new algorithm was developed to accomplish this transfer between nodal values and advecting particles more precisely and realistically compared to currently used methods. The new method scales the changes and adjustments of particle concentrations relative to limiting bounds of concentration values determined from the population of adjacent nodal values. The method precludes unrealistic undershoot or overshoot for concentrations of individual particles. In the new method, if dispersion causes cell concentrations to decrease during a time step, those particles in the cell having the highest concentration will decrease the most, and those with the lowest concentration will decrease the least. The converse is true if dispersion is causing concentrations to increase. Furthermore, if the initial concentration on a particle is outside the range of the adjacent nodal values, it will automatically be adjusted in the direction of the acceptable range of values. The new method is inherently mass conservative.
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