“…area within the whole length to attain the maximum tenderness. Materials such as aluminium, polystyrene, silicon, and polyimide are utilized as substrates for the design of the strain gauge (Hamid et al, 2006;Thangamani et al, 2008;Yang & Lu, 2013). Lightweight aluminium is capable of exerting the greatest strain and is suitable for use within a temperature range of -195 ˚C to +400 ˚C, and therefore, in this particular study, it was selected as a substrate for the pattern assessment.…”