Simulation of NATM Tunneling Construction in Gravel Formation — Lessons Learned from Pakuashan Highway Tunnel Project in Taiwan

Abstract

Construction processes are complex operations that include the uses of equipment, materials, crews and geological conditions. Simulation can be used to study these processes in order to make competent decisions that will lower costs and shorten the duration of the project before it has started. Tunneling is a highly repetitive construction operation and simulation can be used to analyze the process. A model used to simulate the NATM tunneling construction operations for Pakuashan highway tunnel project is developed in this paper. This project is unique because of the soil conditions. A discrete event simulation methodology, CYCLONE, is used to build the operation model and simulate the tunheling processes. Statistical analysis indicates that duration of most tunneling operations can be modeled by Beta probability distribution. Results also show the model predicting the advancement rate of such tunneling proj ect in accurate.

”Interlocking strength” in tunnelling – an attempt at classification

“…The direct English translation "interlocking strength" was established by [8], among others. Unlike the German term Verbandsfestigkeit, "interlocking strength" is used in the existing literature, although increasingly to describe the interlocking of individual grains at mineralogical and geological scale [9][10][11]. On the other hand, according to [12], "interlocking of rock blocks" describes the interlocking of rectangular blocks due to their joint face and surface properties, which corresponds to the popular German definition.…”

“…B. von [8] eingeführt. Im Gegensatz zum deutschsprachigen Verbandsfestigkeitsbegriff wird "interlocking strength" in der bestehenden Literatur allerdings vermehrt im mineralogisch-petrologischen Maßstab für die Verzahnung einzelner Körner verwendet [9][10][11]. Andererseits beschreibt "interlocking of rock blocks" nach [12] das Verkeilen eckiger Blöcke aufgrund deren Trennflächen-bzw.…”